Lab_2_worksheet_S24_Descriptives_1_

Name: _ Tasnia Ahmed _______ Lab #2: Summarizing & Displaying Data PSYCH248 Hunter College PLEASE TYPE ALL ANSWERS IN BLUE . Part A: For this activity you will explore, summarize and display data in JASP using an existing dataset. In JASP, open the excel data file called Disorders.csv . Click on the word Therapy in the column header. A menu appears that allows you to add labels to each of the values for this variable; applying these labels will make your output easier to understand. Add labels for both Therapy (1=Yes, 0=No) and Gender (0=Woman, 1=Man, 2=Non-binary) variables. 1. Was this data entered in the by column or by row format? ___ By Row _____________ 2. How many variables are there in the data set (including ID #)? ____ 6 __________ 3. How many participants are there? _____ 125 _________ 4. Describe the scale of measurement used for each of the variables listed below: a) Disorder: ___ Nominal __________ b) Number of Hospital Visits: ____ Ratio _________ c) Therapy: __ Nominal ___________ d) Severity: _ Ordinal ____________ e) Gender: ____ Nominal _________ Create frequency tables and graphs for the Disorder , Number of Hospital Visits , Therapy , Severity , and Gender variables. Click Descriptives on the top ribbon in JASP and transfer all five variables to the Variables box (ID# is not really a variable – it is just used to identify cases). Frequency Tables: Click on Tables to open a drop-down menu, and check off the Frequency tables box. These tables will display value labels, frequencies, percents, valid percents, and cumulative percents. 5. How many participants had OCD in this dataset? _____ 25 ________ 6. Compare the percentages for those who had therapy and those who did not. Are they similar? _ The percentages for those who had therapy and didn’t are extremely similar as they both are 50% when rounded. _____________________________________________________________ 7. What percentage of participants rated their disorder severity less than five? __ 36.8% ___________ Bar Graphs & Histograms: Click on Basic plots to open a drop-down menu and check off Distribution plots . These bar graphs display frequency distribution data for each variable separately. 8. What was the most frequently endorsed disorder severity rating? _____ 6 ________ 9. Which gender was represented most in this dataset? ___ Women __________ Click Descriptives on the top ribbon again to open a new window (and keep your previous analyses). Transfer Gender to the Variables box and Therapy to the Split box. Check off Distribution plots again. 10. Which gender had the most people who did not attend therapy? __ Male __________ 11. Which gender had the least people who attended therapy? __ Nonbinary ___________ Open a new Descriptives window. Create a Distribution plot for the Number of Hospital Visits variable. Add a density curve graph by checking off the Display density box under Basic plots . Copy and paste the graph below. Copy and paste (below) the plot by clicking on the down arrow above the graph and paste into lab. To resize the graph: right click on it-go to “Size and Position” and type in 2.5 for the absolute height. Make sure that the “Lock aspect ratio” box is checked in order not distort the graph.

12. Does the Number of Hospital Visits variable appear to be normally distributed? ____ No ________ Click on Statistics to open another drop-down menu. Check off Skewness and Kurtosis. 13. What is the skewness value? ___ 1.486 __________ 14. What is the kurtosis value? _____ 2.226 ________ 15. What do these two values tell us about the distribution of our data for this variable? _ The skewness value tells us that the distribution is positively skewed, while the kurtosis value tells us that the distribution is leptokurtic. ______________________________________________________ Box Plots: Open a new Descriptives window (click Descriptives again from the top menu bar). Transfer the Number of Hospital Visits to the Variables box and Therapy to the Split box. Under Customizable plots , check off Boxplots , Boxplot element , and Label outliers . Paste the boxplot below – it should show # hospital visits for two therapy groups.

group who did not have therapy. Is the median number of hospital visits fairly similar between those who had therapy and those who did not? Explain why you think this. Maybe use the graph that you created to help you answer this. ___ The median for the hospital visits for those who had therapy is 4 and the median for those who didn’t have therapy is 5. These medians are fairly similar as they are close in value and appearance on the graph. ___________________________________ 23. Between those who had therapy or those who did not, which group had the highest average number of hospital visits? __ The group that did not have therapy ________________________ 24. Report the variance between those who had therapy and those who did not. Are the numbers fairly similar? Again, use the graph to help answer this. __ The variance for those who had therapy is 19.879 and for those who didn’t have therapy is 44.512. The numbers are not similar or close whatsoever, which we can see in the graph as the distance from the median is larger for those who did not have therapy in comparison to those who did. ______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 25. What does the IQR represent? __ IQR refers to interquartile range which measures the spread of the middle half of the distribution. In this particular case, it gives us the range of those who did and did not have therapy. _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 26. What is the lowest number of hospital visits present in the dataset? __ 0 ___________ 27. Which group had the participant with the most hospital visits? __ The group that did not have therapy ________________________ 28. To see whether those with PTSD had more severe disorders on average, you would need to calculate descriptive statistics after transferring __ severity _____ to the Variables box and __ disorder ____ to the Split box in JASP.

Part B: CREATING A NEW DATA FILE AND EXAMINING RELATIONSHIPS. The following data represent the results of descriptive research on the ability to solve mazes in preschool children. The researchers tested 60 children with the same maze, and recorded the number of errors each child made while solving it. Each child’s age and gender were also recorded. 4-year-old girls: 12, 9, 13, 7, 10, 8, 11, 9, 10, 12 4-year-old boys: 9, 13, 14, 11, 9, 9, 10, 8, 7, 10 5-year-old girls: 9, 7, 8, 11, 6, 7, 9, 7, 5, 8 5-year-old boys: 10, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 11, 5, 8, 7 6-year-old girls: 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 3, 6, 1, 3, 4 6-year-old boys: 1, 5, 4, 2, 2, 4, 3, 2, 3, 3 Input these data into an Excel spread sheet and bring into JASP as a CSV file. 1. Which format should used to input the data –column or row format? __ Row Format ___________ • Think about IVs and DVs and create proper variables for each aspect of the given data. • Obtain the mean, median, mode, skewness using the descriptives function 2. Who has the highest average of errors scores when splitting on sex? __ The girls have the highest average of error scores. ____________________________________________________________ Make a distribution plot of this data and show the density curve. 3. Which sex has a more normal curve? ___ Girls __________ 3a. What function did you use to answer this question? ___ Display Density __________ Split the data on age. 4. Which age group has the highest amount of errors? ______ The 4-year-olds ____________________ 5. Is each group normally distributed? ______ The 5-year-olds _________________________________