CASE STUDY of MARCO

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Final Exam Case Study: Marco Post University PSY306 – Abnormal Psychology Dr. Emru Kiydal Case Study Analysis Thoughts Regarding the Diagnosis

2 Based on the biopsychosocial historical information taken from the Case Study provided to us on a patient named Marco, I have concluded that this individual is experiencing a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Professionally, I think this individual is also faced with elements of imposter syndrome, “feeling less than” with a genetic propensity to bipolar mood disorder (Case study, n.d.). MDD is a mood disorder that is manifested by persistent feelings of displeasure, loss of interest in activities that were once very important, loss of appetite, weight loss, changes in sleep pattern, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, guilt, and feeling of worthlessness (Hasin et al., 2018). For example, in cases such as this, the patient may have trouble concentrating on tasks, and recurrent suicidal or homicidal ideations are also a risk that must be considered. In Marco’s case, he could easily have a genetic predisposition factor since two of his aunts had bipolar disorder. One of the aunts did commit suicide, according to Marcos's testimony (Case study, n. d.). Symptoms resulting from Major Depressive Disorder will always manifest negative symptoms and/or a withdrawal of integral aspects of life. The effects result primarily in a depressed mood and loss of interest in activities which causes significant distress or impairment in living (Hasin et al., 2018). The dysfunctions caused can be occupational, whereby the patient cannot engage in and/or undertake their occupational responsibilities at all (Hasin et al., 2018). Activities of daily living and interests in pleasurable activities can also be inhibited, as demonstrated in Marco's case. Similarly, other symptoms, including imposter syndrome and predispositions, trigger the disorder, making MDD the most accurate diagnosis for Marco (Case study, n.d.). Although the diagnosis is definite, a comorbidity issue can also alter the state resulting in an impression of two disorders. Symptoms and Aspects Promoting the Diagnosis MDD is a disorder that has specific specifiers which can help ascertain the diagnosis. The DSM-5 provides a cluster of symptoms that should be present for someone to be diagnosed with a specific mental disorder. For MDD, the person must have at least five or more depressive symptoms lasting over two weeks. Some of the symptoms that should be present include persistent sadness that results in displeasure with life activities (Katsuki et al., 2018). The client would also have difficulty sustaining motivation with specific tasks or responsibilities, resulting in occupational dysfunction. In addition, the loss of interest in hobbies or activities that were once pleasurable to them is an integral indicator. Further, the patient may experience changes in

3 sleep patterns that include insomnia triggered by irrevocable racing thoughts or hypersomnia (Li et al., 2021). Loss of weight and appetite is also an integral specifier for individuals facing MDD, considering that they lose interest in eating and sleeping. Another indicator is social withdrawal and isolation which presents itself as feeling worthless and guilty of engaging in outdoor activities, which results in loneliness. Marco qualifies to be diagnosed with MDD, considering that he experiences more than five of the disorder's specifiers that have resulted in a significant change in thinking, emotions, and behaviors. Persistent sadness is one of the early indicators of MDD and is described to have lasted more than seven months (Hasin et al., 2018). The reason is that Marco began feeling sad with a feeling he calls "blah," with this, irritability and loss of interest in activities heightened (Case study, n.d.). This specifier is the first indicator in the diagnostic criteria for MDD in the DSM-5 (Hasin et al., 2018). Another symptom includes a negative self-perception that makes him feel like an imposter (Case study, n.d.). This factor indicates that he feels worthless and does not acknowledge the efforts that he is making in the company as an executive, considering that he even feels guilty for taking a hefty paycheck (Case study, n.d.). Another indicator of MDD is difficulty completing tasks due to loss of interest and demotivation. This feeling occurs because he feels the days are too long and has difficulty resting at night. Changes in the vegetative functions of an individual can signify a mental disorder. Marco has lost weight due to constant worries and lack of sleep, even though he mentions his appetite to be okay (Case study, n.d.). Social withdrawal is another indicator of MDD, considering that individuals find solace in being alone (Hasin et al., 2018). As highlighted in Marco's case, he has developed a habit of turning his friends' invitations down, and this isolation has lasted for seven months (Case study, n.d.). This isolation should be noted as occurring consequently with the time he began to feel sad, indicating more relevance to his diagnosed condition of MDD (Case study, n.d). Therefore, the symptoms highlighted in the case align with the diagnosis of MDD, and Marco qualifies in all these criteria, signifying the presence of the disorder. Biopsychosocial and Social Cultural Considerations Biopsychological models are integral for understanding the factors influencing a specific disorder. The biological factor influencing the MDD condition is Macro's genetic predisposition

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