Psych Final 1

Psych Final Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9z1x46 If r= -0.50, is this an inverse or positive relationship? Inverse Identify the mode: 12, 14, 15, 15, 16, 11. 15 Given a correlation coefficient of + 0.90, is this a strong or a weak relationship? Strong If r= +0.85, is this an inverse or positive relationship? Positive What is the range for correlational coefficients? -1 to +1 True or false? Presenting on or publishing research results is one of the steps of the scientific method. True True or false? A number of the subfields in psychology employ scientific experiments. True What is the main problem that occurs when random selection is not used in a study? Increased error, less generalizable to the population. True or false? To have a true random sample, the researcher must be able to contact every person within the population of study. True What is the purpose of a scientific experiment, compared to other types of research studies? Finding out what causes something Amy is a graduate student who has received permission from a school to come in during a 5th grade math class to observe how often girls participate in class. Naturalistic Observation Define "naturalistic observation." Involves observing human behavior in real world settings Two thousand people are asked questions over the phone about their political preferences. Survey ________________ interviews and observes one individual in detail. Case Studies True or false? Survey design is an example of a self-report method. Correct! True True or false? Clinical psychologists often engage in consultation, supervision, and research. True Which of the following names does not belong among famous developmental psychologists: Piaget, Bandura, Vygotsky? Piaget Bandura Vygotsky Bandura The ______________________ studies psychological changes throughout life. Behavioral perspective Biological perspective Cognitive perspective Developmental perspective Developmental Today, Behavioral Psychology has strongly contributed to which areas? Insights into learning Therapy The understanding of language development Answer All of the above Answer all of the above For the following question, indicate whether each contribution to human development reflects "nature" or "nurture." To do this, be sure to consider the definitions of "nature" and "nurture" and whether each contributor originates inside or outside of the indi- vidual being influenced: Genetics nature nurture Nature 1 / 9

Psych Final Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9z1x46 Given what you have learned about research methods in psychol- ogy, describe a hypothetical study and each step of the scientific method for this study. That is, describe what this study does at each step of the scientific method. -hypothesis testing and giving a sufficiently detailed example of it. -designing a test and giving a sufficiently detailed example of this. -mentioning data analysis and giving a sufficiently detailed exam- ple of it. -mentioning disseminating results and giving a sufficiently detailed example of it. True or false? Neurotransmitters only bind to complementary re- ceptor sites on the post-synaptic neuron. True [answer1] is a neurotransmitter that is important for both mood and voluntary movement. Dopamine [answer1] buttons are located at the end of axons. Terminal The bioelectric nerve impulse that runs down a neuron's axon is known as a(an)[answer1]. Action Potential The [answer1] nervous system is aroused during stressful and emergency situations. Sympathetic [answer1] alleles are only expressed when a dominant allele is not present. Recessive True or false? One's phenotype is observable by others, but one's genotype is not. True True or false? Punnett Squares can be used to accurately predict all inherited traits. False The glands regulating the fight-or-flight response are known as [answer1]. Adrenal Glands A friend excitedly tells you that they took an online exam and discovered that they are a "left-brained" person. Write a response to this friend, pointing out why this brain myth is untrue, as well as what is known about brain lateralization. Answers need to: a) address the difference between brain struc- ture and personality, b) point out that the only people who are truly right-or left-brained are split brain patients, and c) address how individuals that actually are experts in a particular area or use a particular hemisphere a great deal often end up using both hemispheres for that task, due to brain plasticity. The _______________ houses memory and emotion structures. Central nervous system Temporal lobe Limbic system Occipital lobe Limbic System The bottom layer of the brain is called the [answer1]. brain stem and cerebellum brain stem cerebellum Brain Stem and Cerebellum The [answer1] is the outer covering of the brain. Cerebrum After light is converted to an electrical impulse it is sent to the [answer1] lobe in the brain. Occipital The center of the retina is called the __________. Dendrite Fovea Axon Feature detector Fovea Define Binocular and Monocular cues. Then, describe a specific example of each type of cue. Binocular (uses both eyes).Examples should focus on depth infor- mation being communicated because of the disparity between the eyes. Monocular (uses one eye). Examples should focus on light, shad- ow, and depth perception (darker perceived as farther) or distance (slower perceived as distant). Your child tentatively takes a lick of gelato to see whether she likes the taste. Bottom Up 2 / 9

Psych Final Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9z1x46 Bottom-up Top Down [answer1] is the ability to recognize an object as staying constant under different conditions. Perceptual Constancy True or false? One's awareness of one's body position in regard to specific body parts is attributed to receptors in one's joints and muscles True Describe the process of transduction, as it occurs in the inner ear. Transduction in the inner ear occurs begins by sound waves entering the inner ear. They then travel to the cochlea area - a snail like structure filled with fluid - where the fluid allows vibrations to occur. These vibrations next go to the basil mendillular where the vibrations are turned into electrical impluses (via tiny hairs) that are sent to the pariteal lobe in the brain. This process of transduction happens when the sense organ, the ear creates nerve impluses that are sound. The [answer1] is a thin tissue in the Cochlea of the ear that converts vibrations into bioelectricity. Basilar Membrane To which lobe in the cerebral cortex is auditory information pri- marily sent? [answer1] Temporal Lobe The Gestalt concept of Figure and Ground illustrates that when we focus on the figure or pattern, everything else in the background becomes [answer1]. Ground The _______________ states that humans make more sense of connected and continuous objects than disconnected ones. Law of continuity Law of similarity Law of proximity Law of bottom-up processing Law of Continuity The ________________ states that humans tend to group similar objects. Law of continuity Law of proximity Law of bottom-up processing Law of similarity Law of Similarity 1. Choose three out of the four Gestalt principles: Figure and Ground, Law of Similarity, Law of Proximity, Law of Continuity. Describe each of these in your own words. Then, based on the module and the link to the graphic design website, choose one of these principles and describe how this principle can be applied, such as to art, graphic design, or everyday life. The law of simliarity says that humans group similar things togeth- er. This is why graphic design marketing campaigns often have two items that are similar linked together - it makes more sense to the human eye and makes people want to buy more of both things. The law of proximity says that humans group things that are near each other together. This is why you may grab and put on two shoes that don't match if you are getting ready in a hurry in the morning if the shoes are right by each other. Even though the shoes maybe different your brain automatically groups them together and puts them on. The law of continuity says that humans can make more sense of connected continuous objects rather than disconnected ones. When it comes to art things are often symmetrical in order to be more pleasing to the human eye. Give an example of something serving as a negative punishment. Your answer must be different than the one in the module. Answers must accurately exhibit something being taken away as a punishment to decrease behavior Describe an example of something serving as a secondary rein- forcer. Answers must apply a reinforce based on anything that is not an innate need and must show the reinforcer "in action." An example is giving a toy everytime a child uses the toilet. In __________ conditioning, the consequences follow the behav- ior, while in _____ conditioning, the behavior and consequence is paired. Operant, Classical 3 / 9