Uitenham-PSY-87506-9 (1)

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California Southern University *

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87506

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Psychology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Where is your running head? Please refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=NfZbEHsWPkQ for assistance on formatting the running head. Where is your title page? All work at the doctoral level MUST be done in APA format, and APA format requires the use of cover pages. Center the title of your paper on the first page of text in APA format.

Jacob, a 32 year old 32-year-old African American member of the armed forces was recommended for counseling by his commanding officer before going on his third tour of duty overseas. He reported that recently he has not been feeling safe but he does not know why. He feels the need to check all doors up to three times to ensure that they are locked and is hypervigilant about ensuring that the outside is secure. He also disclosed that he grew up in a neighborhood plagued with violence and even witnessed his uncle being shot to death. Jacob reported experiencing violence during his previous two tours though he denies being directly involved. He admits to having flashbacks of his uncle’s death during his deployment. Jacob is also able to draw correlation between his childhood and military experiences. Currently, there is no evidence of substance use, the possibility that the symptoms are attributable to the physiological effects of a substance can be ruled out for now. However, more information about Jacob’s parents will show if there is any history of alcohol use disorder, given that alcohol abuse can be genetic (Torvik et al., 2017). Differential Diagnosis Jacob’s differential diagnosis includes Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Acute Stress Disorder. Generalized Stress Disorder . Generalized Anxiety Disorder was considered as a diagnosis for Jacob as he presents to have excessive anxiety and worry about safety. He has to triple check doors to ensure that they are locked and check the premise to ensure that there are no intruders. More information concerning sleep patterns, fatigue, restlessness, irritability and muscle tension is needed in order to proceed with this diagnosis (APA, 2013). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Jacob showed signs of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder as he repeated checked to see if the doors were locked and that the surroundings were safe. He was not able to give any rational explanation for this behavior and describes it as being odd. He indicated that he was still able to carry out his daily duties so it appears that his behavior is not severe enough to interfere with his normal routine (APA, 2013). Acute Stress Disorder This disorder was chosen because Jacob witnessed a traumatic event in his childhood and is also prone to repeated trauma in his current job. He also reported having dissociative reactions in the form of flashbacks and has avoided talking about his uncle’s death. He, however, has not displayed enough criteria to be diagnosed with Acute Stress Disorder without further information (APA, 2013). Provisional Diagnosis Jacob’s provisional diagnosis id Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is usually developed after an individual has had exposure to a traumatic event or a situation that might have been life threatening. The symptoms and behaviors of this condition have often coincided with other mental conditions causing misinterpretation of symptoms and misdiagnosis. Despite the high occurrence of traumatic events, there is a severe lack of public understanding as to the detrimental implication on the physiological and psychological well-being of the individuals suffering from this condition (APA, 2013; Ray, 2018) . Diagnostic Criteria According to the DSM-V the following diagnostic criteria must be met to confirm diagnosis (APA, 2013).

A. Exposure to actual threat: Jacob observed his uncle being shot to death and during his last two tours he has heard gun fire and cries of soldiers. B. Recurrent, involuntary and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic events: Jacob is correlating current events with events of the past. He discussed having recurrent thoughts of his uncle’s death while in combat. C. Avoidance of distressing memories: Jacob mentioned that he could not talk about the details of his uncle’s death during his intake session. D. Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs about the world: Jacob said he never wants to get married or have children because he is afraid of not being able to protect them. Persistent negative emotional state: He is constantly checking the doors and property to ensure that they are secure. E. Hypervigilance: He is hypervigilantly checking outside to ensure that there is nothing lurking in the dark. F. Duration of the disturbance: The initial traumatic events occurred during Jacob’s childhood. The two overseas tours would have occurred more than a month prior to the session. G. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress: Jacob’s commanding officer demanded that he gets counselling as his behavior could adversely impact his ability to carry out his duties. H. The disturbance is not attributed to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition: There were no reports of medication, drug or alcohol abuse. Treatment Cultural consideration

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