D307 Task 1

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Athens State University *

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Psychology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Kaitlyn Waldo WGU D307 Task 1 (TKM1) 09/07/2022 A. The Elementary school video that I choose to watch was, Observing and Measuring Weather, case #53. A1. The video depicts a class population of twenty 2 nd grade students, with ages ranging from 7-8 years old. A2. According to Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development, the students in this video are exhibiting characteristics of being in the Concrete Operational stage of development. a. The ages of the students in this classroom are 7-8 years old, which aligns with the ages (7-12) that Piaget proposed children would reach this stage of development (Cherry, 2019). The children in the video are able to think rationally and logically. They can organize their thoughts in ways that allow them to compare and contrast two concrete entities (Cherry, 2019). The students are also able to recognize and label various units of measurement. b. For example, the video depicts a group of children who are measuring the wind speed outside using a handheld anemometer. The students then take that number and record it into a chart designed to organize data so that it can be analyzed. When answering a question on the assignment, they are able to take the windspeed from last week and compare it to the windspeed from this week. They are able look at the charts, analyze the numbers, and use their own words to describe which day was windier. A3. One learning theory that I identified in this video was Behaviorism. a. The instructor in the video uses many instances of verbal social praise and peer modeling to positively reinforce correct answers and appropriate classroom behaviors. b. According to the Behaviorism Learning Theory, rewarding appropriate behaviors such as following directions or selecting the right answer on a quiz with positively reinforcing stimulus can increase the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future (Walsh, n.d.). In the

classroom, behaviorists may use positive praise, rewards, stickers, good grades, or even class parties to motivate their students to remain engage and learning. B. The Middle school video that I choose to watch was, Analyzing Social Issues in Small Group Book Club Discussions, case #520. B1. This video depicts a classroom population of thirty-one 7 th and 8 th graders, with ages ranging from 12-15 years old. B2. According to Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development, the students in this video are in the fifth stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion. a. The ages of the students in this classroom are 12-15 years old, which aligns with the ages (12-18) that Erikson proposed children would reach this stage of development. The students in this video are participating in a small group book club activity that requires them to think critically about complex social problems from various perspectives. The students are able to compare what they are reading and connect it to their own lives. This aligns with the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage of development because the students are learning to explore and adapt their own self identities by using peer interactions and forming unique opinions that reflect who they are (or want to be) as a person (Lumen Learning, n.d.). b. For example, in the first discussion group that was talking about causing a death by a car accident, one student poses a discussion question to the group. He states, “How would your family feel?” Each group member then gets to answer this question from the perspective of the driver (offender) and the perspective of the passenger (victim). In doing this, the students are given the opportunity to put themselves in someone else’s shoes and relate those perspectives, feelings, and ideas back to their own lives. B3. One learning theory that I recognized from this video was Constructivism. a. While interacting with the small groups, the teacher uses cooperative learning, personal reflections, and peer discussions to facilitate learning. b. Constructivism is based on the idea that children learn best when they can connect new information to existing schemas that they have already create based off of previous experiences (Williams, 2018).

The instructional strategies utilized in the video allowed the students to work together in small groups, receive peer feedback, reflect on unique personal knowledge, and begin to explore and understand new perspectives through personal reflection. C. The High school video that I choose to watch was, Analyzing American Literature Through a Fish Bowl Discussion , case #1283. C1. This video depicts a classroom population of eighteen 11 th graders, with ages ranging from 16-17 years old. C2. According to Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development, the students in this video are exhibiting characteristics of being in the Formal Operational stage of development. a. The ages of the students in this classroom are 16-17 years old, which aligns with the ages (12 and up) that Piaget proposed children would reach this stage of development (Cherry, 2019). The students in this video are participating in a fishbowl discussion, which requires them to take turns listening and responding to the opinion’s others. During the discussion the students are using ethical reasoning and hypothetical problem-solving skills to discuss and answer complex, thought provoking questions about a novel that they are reading in class. The students in this video are able to think abstractly about theoretical events and use deductive reasoning to express their opinions and make inferences about the characters in the book. b. For example, one of the students in the video poses a question that reflects on how one of the lead characters in the novel perceives and treats his friends or acquaintances. She asks, “He doesn’t judge, how is this a lie and how is this the truth?” This question requires the students to analyze a hypothetical character’s attributes, demeanors, actions, and statements to access how he treats his friends in a social situation versus how the author uses the narration in the book to express the main character’s real thoughts about his friends. The students are then able to discuss how the main character is able to use the information that he gathers about others to come to reasonable assumptions and expectations of the people around him. C3. One learning theory that I recognize from this video was, Constructivism.

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