Week 5 Discussion

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Walden University *

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8002L

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Psychology

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by ProfessorValorDove34

Arguments about regulating or not regulating various aspects of human behavior abound in society and the psychology profession. Controversial issues include the causes of autism, the use of hypnosis in therapy, the validity of eyewitness testimony, and the legalization of same-sex marriage, among many others. Thinking critically about the pros and cons of such issues is essential to being a good citizen in our society and a responsible professional psychologist. When reviewing materials, it is essential to be a critical thinker, as authors may use biased information to support their positions, intentionally or unintentionally. Even good research can be misleading if a report focuses on limited aspects of the available data. For this Discussion, select one of the following controversial issues: 1. Cause of autism 2. Use of hypnosis in therapy 3. Validity of eyewitness testimony 4. Legalizing same-sex marriage Search the Internet and find two news or other articles defending different positions on your chosen issue. Be sure to include the URL for each article as a reference, using the appropriate APA format in the citation. By Day 4, post a brief description of the controversial topic in psychology you selected and the different position articles you chose. Between the two articles, identify a minimum of three common errors and fallacies. Evaluate the impact of the errors/fallacies you selected on the psychology profession and public perception, behavior, and attitudes. Explain how you would re-think, re-write, or address the errors/fallacies you selected. Walden University (n.d.) stated, “logical fallacies are errors of reasonings – specific ways in which arguments fall apart due to faulty connection making” and diminish the credibility of the writing. Many types of fallacies include begging the question, hasty generalization, sweeping generalizations, non sequitur, post hoc ergo propter hoc, and false dilemma (Walden University, n.d.) Begging the Question: This fallacy is familiar and known as circular reasoning (Walden University, n.d.). This fallacy happens when “part of a claim—phrased in justly slightly different words—is used in support of the same claim” (Walden University, n.d.). Hasty Generalization: This fallacy is an “error of induction that occurs when a writer jumps to an interference based on limited or inadequate data” (Walden University, n.d.). This makes reviewing the data of articles reliable and gives a good sample size.

Sweeping Generalization: This fallacy “ assumes that a particular conclusion drawn from a particular situation and context applies to all situations and contexts” (Walden University, n.d.). It is essential for the researcher not to generalize populations if they are researching a specific population or a subsection. Non-Sequitur (does not follow): This fallacy happens “when there is no true logical (especially cause-effect) relationship exists between two notions” (Walden University, n.d.). Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc ( after this; therefore, because of this) : This fallacy is “ assuming that because something chronologically follows something else, then the two things must be related by a cause-effect connection” (Walden University, n.d.). The researcher needs to prove there is a cause-effect connection between notions. False Dilemma (Black and white): This fallacy is when the “writer falsely constructs an either-or situation” (Walden University, n.d.). Mistaking deductive validity for truth: This fallacy happens when the writer has an argument that is logical syllogism, and therefore, the conclusion must be accurate (Pope & Vasquez, 2005). A writer must be aware of the fallacies in their writing and other writings. Doing this will help the writer build a compelling argument. It is also essential for a writer to be aware of the basic structure of arguments. The basic structure includes claims, supports, and warrants (Walden University, n.d.). The topic I chose for discussion was the cause of autism. Without looking at news articles, this argument alone could have many fallacies. Many people look at news articles, but they also look at blog posts. Even though I did not discuss any of the blog posts below, I found multiple blogs discussing the causes of autism. The articles look at the causes of autism. The article, Is it Safe to Take Tylenol During Pregnancy? What Experts Say Amid Lawsuits Claiming a Link to Autism and ADHD by Priscilla Blossom discusses a link between Tylenol and Autism and ADHD. There have been 400 lawsuits filed against the manufacturers of acetaminophen. The reason for the lawsuits is that there was no warning of risk for pregnant women (Blossom, 2023). The article goes into further discussion of how there is much-known information about the cause of Autism, and everyone should look at the pros and cons of taking acetaminophen (Blossom, 2023). The other article What Causes Autism? by Nicholette Zeliadt (2021), discusses how “there is no single cause of autism, and every care is the product of multiple factors working together.” Genes, premature birth, and some medications may contribute to the cause of autism, but there is no way to prevent autism (Zeliadt, 2021). The articles look into DNA, what raises risk factors, and how not all risk factors will cause autism (Zeliadt, 2021). The third article Neuroscientists Make ‘Unexpected’ Discovery Over Cause of Childhood Autism by Pandora Dewan (2023), discusses a known finding in what causes autism. Neuroscientists

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