PSY 210 Assignment 2 Infancy Topics Textbook Review-3-1

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210

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Psychology

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Jan 9, 2024

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This course content may not be shared, uploaded, or distributed. You may download course materials for your own use, and upload into our Learning Management System. You may not and may not allow others to reproduce or distribute course materials publicly. Public distribution of course materials is in violation of DCCC Policy 2.4 Academic Honesty . ========================================================================================== CH. 3 and 4 “Fill in the Blank”, Short Answer and Essay Chapter 3 (52 pts) #1-6 Applying Percentiles: Read about “Percentiles” under the section heading Body Changes. [see also lecture vid in the Canvas MODULE]. Use the WHO Growth Charts on the Assignment Page to respond. 6 1. Using the BOYS Weight-For-Age Chart: In approximate KGs, at 6 months old the average weight is? 2. Using the BOYS Weight-For-Age Chart: At 2 years old, what percent of boys weigh less than 15KGs (approximate nearest percentile)? 3. Using the GIRLS Height-For-Age Chart: 92CM for a 2-year-old girl would be very tall. True False 4. Using the GIRLS Height-For-Age Chart: 105CM for a 5-year-old girl would be considered short because only what percent of girls are shorter (approximate)? 5. Using the BOYS Head Circumference-For-Age Chart: At birth, 85% of boys have a head circumference smaller than how many CMs? 6. Using the BOYS Head Circumference-For-Age Chart: We may conclude that 43.5CM is an extremely small head circumference for a 1-year-old boy because only what percent of boys have smaller head circumferences (approximate nearest)? Brain Basics #7-16: 8 7) Make the connection: Consider what you learned about FASD. Let’s conclude that prenatal alcohol exposure impairs development/disrupts the Amygdala, Cerebellum, Hippocampus, and Prefrontal Cortex. In a brief sentence (or maybe 2), in your own words, how do those brain regions match up (make sense) with the symptoms you learned about (for each brain region, match 1 symptom). 8 8) Is it generally accurate to say that infant brain “growth” is about increased dendritic connections rather than increased number of neurons? 1 Yes No 8) Yes 9) Axons receive messages from other neurons and send the electrical signal down the dendrite to the synapses. Why is this false? 2 9) This is false because axons send signals away from the cell body not towards it 10) The specialized cell that comprises the central nervous system:1

10) Neuron 11) The fight-flight-freeze response is driven by a flood of released by the adrenal glands.1 11) Adrenaline 12) Childhood anxiety may be the product of infant temperamental traits like Behavioral Inhibition (fearful , distress by novel experiences) or due to environmental stress (abuse, neglect, trauma). In either case, the brain structure of most interest in childhood anxiety would be the:1 12) Amygdala 13) The space between the terminal end of one neuron and the dendritic end of another neuron is the:1 13) Synapse 14) The well-known “Naming Explosion” (exponential, steep increase in words spoken) would show us that what phenomenon is occurring in the brain’s language centers?1 14) Synaptic Growth 15) Arguably one of the most important mechanisms in brain development is the ability of the brain to fine- tune itself to the environment by removing unused connections. This sculpting in neuroscience is called:1 15) Synaptic Pruning 16) Using hands, or chopsticks, or metalware to eat is Experience Dependent because: 2 16) because the preference for the use of either of those utensils listed is based off of cultural, environmental, and individual experiences and many different experiences would cause many different preferences. 17) In early life, constant stress exposure creates an overabundance of that can impair neural connections in the brain and likely cause dysregulated stress responses lifelong. 1 17) Cortisol 18) Physical trauma called _ can damage neural connections leading to lifelong impairment.1 18) TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) 19) In gross motor skills, most 6-month-olds can:1 19) roll over 20) In gross motor skills, most 8-10-month-olds can:1 20) sit with no assistance 21) In gross motor skills, when do 90% walk well? 1

21) 14-15 months 22) In fine motor skills, when do 50% of children thumb and finger grasp?1 22) 9-10 months 23) In fine motor skills, when do 90% imitate vertical line drawing?1 23) 2-3 years 24) Children with FASD may have difficulty with conditioned learning, such as the Eye-Blink Conditioning Test where a puff of air in the eye is associated with a sound (after trials, hearing the sound causes a blink). Is this a disruption of Implicit or Explicit Memory and why? 2 24) I would say Implicit because implicit memory has more to do with the unconscious or automatic processes and this is more automatic than not. 25) Connect your learning. In the above example, children with FASD may have difficulty with conditioned learning especially related to movement because prenatal exposure to alcohol damages what brain region? 1 25) Cerebellum 26) Describe 2 findings from Rovee-Collier’s studies of infant memory . (4pts) 26) Infants showed that they were capable of remembering things on a mobile task and they were also able to remember actions such as tapping a specific part of a toy after even 24 hours and this was named Deferred Imitation 27) Leonard et al (2017) may have demonstrated that persistence is a learned skill (rather than a trait) because toddlers exposed to a persistent model compared to toddlers not exposed to the model pressed a button how many times to get it to play? 2 27) 28) According to Piaget , the overall Stage of Sensorimotor Intelligence goes from birth to about:1 28) 29) A psychologist who hides a toy under a blanket to see if an infant will try to uncover it is testing for ______.1 29) 30) The infant's repetition of syllables such as “ba-ba” is called ______.1 30) 31) A single-word utterance that expresses a complete thought is called a(n) ______.1

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