History of Judaism - Part 2 of 2

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Concordia University *

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Religion

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Oct 30, 2023

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pptx

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Uploaded by MinisterIronDinosaur30

History of Judaism Part 2/2 RELI 214 SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

Overview  Biblical period (2000-538 BCE)  Monarchy  Worship of God  Temple as the center of worship through sacrifice  Composition of scriptures  Second Temple period (538 BCE-70 CE)  Onset of the diaspora, Hellenistic influence, sects  Canonization and interpretation of scripture  Rabbinic period (70 CE-6th century)  Rabbinization and synagogues  Medieval period (6th-16th centuries)  Growth of the diaspora  Influences and tensions  Early modern and modern periods (17th-21st centuries)  New movements and schools of thought  Zionism

The Temple

The Second Temple Period (538 BCE–70 CE)  The disintegration of Babylonia and strengthening of Persia  Cyrus the Great (539-530 BCE), a Persian king  Religious tolerance  Edict  “Let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews rebuild this house of God on its site.” (Ezra 6:7)  Repatriation to Judah  Reconstruction of the Temple is complete (515 BCE)

The Second Temple Period (538 BCE–70 CE)  Malachi’s complaints about decadence (first half of 5 th century BCE)  Reforms of Nehemiah and Ezra (middle of 5 th century BCE)  Centralization of Jerusalem  Translation of the law into Aramaic  New interest in Jewish practices and rituals  Ezra: “Second Moses”  Alexander the Great (331-323 BCE) and the Ptolemaic dynasty  Control of Judaea (320-198 BCE)  Generally tolerant of Jews  Hellenism: the principles, ideals, and pursuits associated with classical Greek civilization  The role of the polis/city-state

The Second Temple Period (538 BCE–70 CE)  Literary influences of Hellenism  Septuagint: Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible (3 rd -2 nd centuries BCE)  Philo (ca. 15 BCE-50 CE)  Emergence of Jewish sects  Sadducees  Small number of influential individuals, including the Temple’s priests  Rejected interpretation and expansion of written law  Pharisees  Based in synagogues  Permitted applying Biblical law to contemporary circumstances through oral exposition  Cited legal and ritual traditions not explicitly found in scripture  Essenes  Withdrew from society and established communal life  Members of a new covenant  Apocalyptic

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