Gramamtical Analysis John 14

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FAULKNER UNIVERSITY GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF JOHN 14:1-6 SUBMITTED TO DR G. SCOTT GLEAVES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BI 5301 BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION

GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF JOHN 14:1-6 The purpose of this study is to analyze the grammar of John 14:1-6. The prominent structures of each verse are examined, and the possible solutions to the difficult constructions are proposed. The critical Greek text used in the study is NA 28 . John 14:1 In verse 1, Jesus instructs His disciples to “not let” their hearts be troubled. The sense is that their hearts are already “troubled” and that they are to stop them from being so. 1 “Heart” is the Greek word καρδία (kardia) and represents the center of one’s “whole inner life,” 2 “the seat of decisions.” 3 John uses the singular “heart,” but the possessive pronoun “you” is plural, denoting the disciples’ collective “heart.” 4 John used the Greek ταρασσέσθω (tarassō) on three previous occasions to express Jesus’ “deeply troubled feelings” (11:33, 12:27, and 13:21). Recognizing the same feelings in His disciples, Jesus is not merely telling them that they must not be sad any longer; he exhorts them not any longer to be troubled, tempest-tossed, agitated, thrown into a state of confusion and perplexity. Such was the extent of their troubled heart. 1 Frederick Dale Bruner, The Gospel of John: A Commentary (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2012), 819. 2 Frederick W. Danker, Walter Bauer, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 508. 3 Raymond E. Brown, The Gospel According to John: The Anchor Bible (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970), 618. 4 Bruner, Gospel of John, 809. This sense is captured by the literal interpretations of the KJV, NASB, and HCSB.

The disciples had the Passover meal and Judas left to betray the Master. Jesus told them He is going away and that Peter will deny Him. He Himself was heavy in spirit and the conversation was difficult. Then, He instructed His disciples to stop allowing their hearts to be perplexed. “The particle is the negative used for hypothetical or hesitant denial . . . With the present imperative it either means ‘stop what you are doing’ or ‘make it your habit not to do.’ If the action is clearly in progress, the former meaning is in view.” 5 He followed this command with two additional ones. “Believe in God. Believe in Me” This is translated as present active indicative plural second person and present active imperative of πιστευω. The form is the same. “Both may be indicative (ye believe ... and ye believe), both may be imperative (believe ... and believe or believe also), the first may be indicative (ye believe) and the second imperative (believe also), the first may be imperative (keep on believing) and the second indicative (and ye do believe, this less likely).” 6 Both of these are imperative in form. John 14:2 In verse 2, Jesus begins to speak about “my” Father’s house, as opposed to “the” Father’s house, using the familiar tone He had used to describe the Temple in Jerusalem (2:16). “House” is the Greek word ο κί ἰ ᾳ (oikia), which means “a building or place where 5 David Alan Black, It’s Still Greek to Me: An Easy-to-Understand Guide to Intermediate Greek (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1998), 134. 6 A. T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament . (Nashville, B&H Publishing Group, 2000), John 14

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