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Religion

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Dec 6, 2023

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Ethan Gray 04/11/23 Pg. 226 Questions 1. Explain the differences between the religion of the ancient Judeans and rabbinic Judaism. The Judeans believed you should only visit one temple, the only place to practice religious sacrifice. In rabbinic Judaism, multiple temples can be visited for worship. The ancient Judeans also did not concern themselves with a ‘council’, whereas in rabbinic Judaism, the ‘council’ are seen as teachers. 2. What were the implications for Judaism of the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE? The Temple of Judaism was destroyed in 70 CE by the Romans during the Siege of Jerusalem. This was a devastating blow to the Jewish people, who had worshipped at the temple for centuries. The destruction of the temple signaled that Jerusalem was no longer a unifying force for Judaism. The purpose of the temple was pilgrimage, and with it gone, the priesthood, council, and the Sanhedrin were finished. 3. Why was medieval Europe often such an inhospitable place for Jews? With Christianity rising in Europe, Jews became much more persecuted. The Crusaders slaughtered Jews on their march to the ‘Holy Land’ as they saw Judaism as inferior. They were also subject to lies such as being guilty of ritual murder. 4. Explain the importance of the covenant to Judaism. They are often seen as a way of formalizing a relationship, or of cementing a bond between people. In Judaism, covenants are seen as a way of ensuring that people live up to their responsibilities and commitments. 5. How important are Maimonides’ Thirteen Principles of the Faith of Judaism? It is important to note that Maimonides’ thirteen principles of faith never normatively defined or predicted them; they never served as a defining and discernible pillar of faith. A man who doubts any of these foundations leaves the community [of Israel], is referred to as a sectarian, apikores, and is deemed a “taker” by the community. 6. Explain the different roles of Tanakh, Mishnah, and Talmud in rabbinic Judaism. The Tanakh contains all the books in the Jewish Bible, the Mishnah is the first interpretation of the Torah, and the Talmud was the interpretation of the interpretation of the Law. 7. Why are there such different views within Judaism about the coming of the Messiah? There are many different branches of Judaism. This has led to differences between each branch, which results in differing views. They are all rooted in traditional Judaism, but some sects contain different beliefs.

8. Explain the main differences between Orthodox and Reform Judaism. Orthodox Judaism refers to only the Torah and sees it as Halacha or law. Reform Judaism is very similar to Orthodox Judaism, with the major difference being that they accept the Talmud but also use the Torah for interpretation of the Talmud. Orthodox Jews wear more traditional clothing and are more resistant to accepting new ideas. 9. Why is the state of Israel so important in Judaism today? Israel has built a thriving country that protects the rights of its citizens, protects freedom of religion, and ensures that all religions have access to their religious sites - something that was not allowed when Israel was not governing Jerusalem. 10. How is modern Judaism able to contain such diverse views on questions of beliefs and practices? Over the years, Judaism has shown the capacity to adapt to the changing times. This is linked to a strong emphasis on interpretation and revelation. The Torah is said to be layered and that parts of it can be rediscovered and reinterpreted all the time.

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