History of the Christian Church_Final Exam (1)

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Bethel College *

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AMERICAN G

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Religion

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Jan 9, 2024

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6

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The History of the Christian Church: Part 1 – Final Exam Part I: Brief Responses: Answer each question briefly but completely, in your own words. No additional sources are allowed. (2.5 points each) 1. Why does the Church celebrate her birth on the Day of Pentecost and not on Holy Thursday? The Church celebrates its birth on the Day of Pentecost because that is when the Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles, empowering them to spread the message of Christ. 2. Which apostle spoke out boldly to the people of Jerusalem on Pentecost morning? How did the people respond, and how many men were baptized? Peter spoke boldly to the people of Jerusalem on Pentecost morning. About 3,000 men were baptized in response to his preaching. 3. Describe some of the challenges the Church in Jerusalem faced in the first few years. The Church in Jerusalem faced challenges such as internal disputes, persecution, and the need to navigate the relationship between Jewish and Gentile believers. 4. What was the reaction of the disciples in Jerusalem when they heard that Saul had now become a believer? The disciples in Jerusalem were initially skeptical but accepted Saul as a believer after Barnabas vouched for him. 5. Where did Paul always go to first whenever he arrived in a new city? Why? Paul always went to the synagogues first when arriving in a new city, as this was a strategic place to find both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles. 6. Who responded more favorably to Saint Paul’s preaching, the Jews, or the gentiles? Generally, the Gentiles responded more favorably to Saint Paul's preaching compared to the Jews. 7. What were some of the things that Paul suffered because of his mission to proclaim the Gospel to the gentiles? Paul suffered various hardships, including imprisonment, beatings, and shipwrecks, due to his mission to proclaim the Gospel to the Gentiles.
8. How did the death of the Apostles Peter and Paul in Rome affect the growth and development of the Church? The death of Peter and Paul in Rome solidified the importance of Rome in the Church and contributed to its growth and development. 9. The Church began in Jerusalem and, after the death of Saints Peter and Paul, was firmly planted in Rome. What were the three other apostolic sees, or Patriarchal Churches which were founded by the apostles? The three other apostolic sees or Patriarchal Churches founded by the apostles were Antioch, Alexandria, and Constantinople. 10. What is meant by apostolic succession? Apostolic succession refers to the unbroken line of bishops, dating back to the apostles, who pass on the teachings and authority of the Church. 11. Who was Saint Ignatius of Antioch, and what heresies did he combat? Saint Ignatius of Antioch was an early Christian bishop who combated various heresies, including Docetism and Judaizing tendencies. 12. Who was Saint Justin Martyr and what did he write? Saint Justin Martyr was an early Christian apologist who wrote two apologies and also wrote about Christianity and defended it against pagan and Jewish accusations. 13. In the description of the Eucharist by Saint Justin Martyr, what similarities do we find to Mass of today? In Saint Justin Martyr's description of the Eucharist, similarities to today's Mass include the use of bread and wine and the emphasis on thanksgiving. 14. The first three centuries of Christianity were marked by a series of persecution by the Roman Empire against the Church. Explain the saying, “the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church.” The saying "the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church" means that persecution and martyrdom strengthen the faith and attract new converts. 15. Who was Arius of Alexandria, and what did he teach? Arius of Alexandria taught the Arian heresy, denying the full divinity of Christ, and considering Him a created being.
16. What year did the Council of Nicaea meet and what did this council decide? The Council of Nicaea met in AD 325 and decided, among other things, to affirm the Nicene Creed, addressing the Arian controversy. 17. How did the Council of Nicaea express the equality of the Father and the Son? (What formula or words did it use to express this mystery?) The Council of Nicaea expressed the equality of the Father and the Son using the term "homoousios," meaning "of the same substance." 18. Who was Saint Athanasius, and what is he best known for? Saint Athanasius is best known for his defense of the Nicene Creed and his efforts against Arianism. 19. Name two other saints who opposed the spread of the Arian heresy. Two saints who opposed the Arian heresy were Saint Basil the Great and Saint Gregory Nazianzen. 20. Who was Saint Jerome, and why is he important? Saint Jerome was a biblical scholar and translator, best known for the Vulgate, the Latin translation of the Bible. 21. Who was Saint Augustine, and why was he important? Saint Augustine was an influential theologian known for his writings on theology, philosophy, and Confessions. 22. The third Ecumenical Council was held at Ephesus in the year AD 431. Why was it called, and what did it teach? The Council of Ephesus in AD 431 was called to address the Nestorian heresy and affirmed the title of Mary as "Theotokos" (Mother of God). 23. What did the Monophysites teach about the two natures of Christ? Monophysites taught that Christ had only one nature, a divine nature. 24. Which council was called to refute them? The Council of Chalcedon (AD 451) was called to refute Monophysitism. 25. Who was the pope who wrote an important letter or tome to the council to explain the orthodox and how did the bishops respond when they heard the letter? Pope Leo I wrote the Tome of Leo to the Council of Chalcedon, explaining orthodox doctrine. The bishops received it with approval.
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