Understanding Hypothesis Testing: Key Concepts and Examples

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Arizona State University *

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300

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Statistics

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Jun 10, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by GrandTeam1014

Question 1 1.25 / 1.25 pts If you hypothesize that there will be a difference between patient satisfaction scores from hospital A and hospital B, but you do not hypothesize the direction, you would have: A non-directional research hypothesis A directional null hypothesis A null hypothesis A directional research hypothesis Question 2 1.25 / 1.25 pts In this figure, the shaded areas represent _____ . the region of non-rejection the null hypothesis the outliers the region of rejection Question 3 1.25 / 1.25 pts Researchers want to determine how many times per week people walk their dogs. They select a representative sample of 250 dog owners and ask them about their dog walking habits over the last year. What type of bias might be a problem?

Selection Desirability Recall Measurement Question 4 1.25 / 1.25 pts Sally wants to evaluate the level of attachment between mother and child pairs. She sets up a room with toys and books and observes the interactions between each mother and child pair. The air conditioner in the room is not working properly and the observation room is extremely hot. The temperature of the room is an example of ___________________. bias confounding sampling error an extraneous variable Question 5 1.25 / 1.25 pts Which of the following occurs when you reject the null hypothe sis when it is really true? Correct decision Type I error Power Type II error

Question 6 1.25 / 1.25 pts An endocrinologist has established group visits for her pregnant patients with diabetes. The average infant birthweight for patients who did not attend shared visits is 9.5 lbs. She hypothesizes that the average infant birthweight for patients who did attend shared visits will be different. Would you use a one-tail test or a two-tail test to test this hypothesis? Two-tail One-tail Question 7 1.25 / 1.25 pts An endocrinologist has established group visits for her pregnant patients with diabetes. The average fructosamine level for patients who did not attend shared visits is 195. She hypothesizes that the average fructosamine level for patients who did attend shared visits will be lower. Would you use a one-tail test or a two-tail test to test this hypothesis? One-tail Two-tail Question 8 1.25 / 1.25 pts A health-focused radio show wants to determine what percentage of people in the Phoenix area are taking cholesterol medication. They ask listeners to call in and report whether or not they are taking cholesterol medication. What type of bias might be a problem? Recall Measurement

Desirability Selection Question 9 1.25 / 1.25 pts True or False, power is the ability of a study to find a difference if it actually exists. True False Question 10 1.25 / 1.25 pts True or False, we always test a null hypothesis against an alternative hypothesis. True False Question 11 1.25 / 1.25 pts True or False, a finding can be statistically significant, but not clinically significant. True False Question 12 1.25 / 1.25 pts

What is the critical value of a two-tailed test when alpha is .05 if the test statistic adheres to an asymptotic standard normal distribution. +/-2.575 +/-1.96 +/-1.645 +/-1.99 Question 13 1.25 / 1.25 pts If you hypothesize that there is only a positive or only a negative relationship between two variables, what type of test should you use? Two-tailed One-tailed ANOVA Cohen's d Question 14 1.25 / 1.25 pts The probability of failing to reject a null hypothesis when it is false is represented by ______________.

beta (β) alpha ( α) p-value test statistic Question 15 1.25 / 1.25 pts Which of the following is(are) true about confounding variables (choose one or more)? A confounding variable is associated with the exposure. A confounding variable is the same as an extraneous variable A confounding variable creates an association that is misleading. A confounding variable is associated with the outcome. Question 16 1.25 / 1.25 pts Which of the following statements about the p-value is true? A very small p-value allows us to say there is enough evidence to accept the p-value The p-value is the probability of the sample data arising by chance The p-value is the chance of getting an observed effect if the alternative hypothesis was true The p-value is the chance of getting an observed effect if the null hypothesis was true Question 17

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