ENV 220 Creating Graphs Template

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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220

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Statistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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ENV 220 Creating Graphs Template Overview For this assignment, you will generate two graphs (a scatter plot and a line graph). Scientists use several tools for statistical analysis of environmental data, including R, Python, Microsoft Excel, and more. In this course, you will be using Microsoft Excel as the tool for graphing and analyzing environmental data. You will also answer questions related to each graph that you create. These assignments are part of critically analyzing data and data-collection techniques for integrity and quality. You will perform your own data analysis when completing your final project. Activity One You work for the South Dakota Game and Fish Department. You and your colleagues were tasked with determining the mule deer fawn recruitment rate—the percentage of fawns to does that survive through the fall and are, therefore, successfully recruited into the deer population. The data you have collected are in Table 1 below. Enter the data below into an Excel spreadsheet. Then create a graph representing the data and answer the questions below. Population Size (Thousands of Deer) Mule Deer Fawn Recruitment Rate (%) 10.798 .16 10.000 .18 12.000 .25 10.987 .26 10.800 .26 11.000 .27 9.200 .25 9.000 .26 10.000 .30 9.300 .34 8.800 .34 7.700 .36 6.900 .36 5.000 .35 4.800 .37 6.600 .44 3.300 .45 6.000 .48 6.900 .49 7.000 .43 Table 4.1: South Dakota Mule Deer Data Graph Data Graph the data in an appropriate graphical format with a trendline through the data, the line equation, and the R-squared value (coefficient of determination) on the chart. 1
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 f(x) = − 0.03 x + 0.58 R² = 0.61 Mule Deer Fawn Recruitment Rate (%) Population Size By Thousqnds of Deer Mule Deer Fawn Recrutiemnt rate Label Graph Label the graph, including all axes, a detailed title, and a trendline and correlation coefficient. Insert your mule deer recruitment vs population size graph below. [Insert graph here.] Questions 1. What does the correlation coefficient measure? It measures how closely two variables are related. 2. What absolute value signifies a strong correlation? Any value above .7 is getting stronger populations of deer. 3. What does a negative correlation signify? This is when one variable is increasing while another one is decreasing. 4. What does a positive correlation signify? This is when one variable begins to increase, and another variable is increasing as well. 5. Calculate the correlation coefficient (r)? The correlation coefficient is -0.77928 6. What does the correlation coefficient you calculated say about the strength of the relationship between population size and mule deer recruitment rate? (Use the table below to help you quantify the strength of the relationship.) Absolute Value of r Strength of Correlation < 0.3 Weak 0.3-0.7 Moderate > 0.7 Strong Table 4.2: Strength of Correlation 2
This table shows the relationship between the mule deer population and their recruitment rate is strong. 7. When you square the correlation coefficient, meaning you multiply the correlation coefficient by itself, you end up with the coefficient of determination (R 2 ). This number is always between 0 and 1. It measures how much of the variance exists in the dependent variable (recruitment rate) that can be explained by the independent variable (the population size). The correlation of determination is displayed on your graph as R 2 and represents a percentage. What is your coefficient of determination? The coefficient determination is R2=0.6073 8. What does the coefficient of determination tell you about your data? The coefficient of determination tells me that the data collected its rate is moderate. It is not weak or strong. 9. In your graph, does your data show a positive or negative correlation? The graph shows a negative correlation 10. What does that say about the relationship between population size and mule deer recruitment rate? As the mule deer population increases the recruitment rate decreases. Activity Two You are an ecologist studying algal biomass during eutrophication events. Eutrophication occurs when an excessive amount of nutrients enters a water body, frequently due to runoff, and causes a rapid growth of plants and algae, which leads to a shortage of oxygen in the water and the die-off of other aquatic organisms. You want to determine how the amount of nitrogen in micrograms per liter (µg/L) in the aquatic environment affects algal biomass represented by grams (dry weight) per liter (g-dw/L). You perform a lab-based study using the following nitrogen concentrations (500, 1500, 2500, 5000 micrograms per liter (µg/L)) and collect the following data. Use Excel to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Then complete the table. Time (Day) Nitrogen (Micrograms per Liter (µg/L)) Algal Biomass (Grams (Dry Weight) per Liter (g-dw/L)) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean Standard Deviation 0 500 .2 .2 .2 0.20 0.00 1 .4 .3 .45 0.38 0.08 2 1.3 1.35 1.27 1.31 0.04 3 1.65 1.6 1.65 1.63 0.03 4 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.83 0.06 0 1500 .2 .2 .2 0.20 0.00 1 .5 .5 .6 0.53 0.06 2 1.25 1.3 1.29 1.28 0.03 3 1.68 1.7 1.65 1.68 0.03 3
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