M3 Assignment-Spring A 2024

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Arizona State University *

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Statistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Uploaded by MajorNeutronMink21

Spring A 2024 - Nelson M3 Assignment (35 points) INSTRUCTIONS: Use this Word document to fill in the answers to the questions. The answers must be supported either by typing out the calculation process or by pasting SPSS output or data as instructed. When prompted to paste something from the SPSS data or output file, you may use the copy/paste function or take a screen shot of the relevant part to paste in as a picture. Background of the data set: A longitudinal project was conducted to study the executive and memory functions of elderly residents in a community. The participants were assessed every few years with a set of cognitive tests. Demographic and health information was also collected. The data set for this assignment is based on part of the data from that project. Data Preparation: (2 points total: No points earnable unless .sav file comprises part of assignment submission) Create an SPSS data file from the provided Excel data set by importing the data within SPSS . The SPSS data file must show the following: - All variables are present in the “Data View” - Each variable is correctly configured in “Measure” under the “Variable View” - All nominal variables have the “Values” specified. (2 point. Deduct .5 for each missing/incorrect element up to 2 points total.) Q1. Perform and Interpret an Independent-Samples t- test (12 points total, if SPSS output file is missing for this analysis, 50% of the total number of earned points will be deducted) Employment status is a potential factor in the effect of aging on cognitive functions. In order to examine the effect of being employed versus being unemployed on aging, we need to make sure that the employed and unemployed participants are not significantly different in age when they enter the project. Perform a t- test to compare unemployed and employed on the variable Age1 (age at the first testing session). A. Answer the following questions about the Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances based on the SPSS output. Paste the relevant SPSS output table(s) to support your answers, as instructed below. 1. What is the null hypothesis being tested by the Levene’s test? (1 point) Employment status is not a potential factor in the effect of aging on cognitive functions. 2. Is the Levene’s test significant? How do you know? Paste the relevant SPSS output table here. (1 point, .5 for each answer. No credit is earned if no table is pasted.) Yes, the Levene’s test is significant because the p-value is less than .05.

Spring A 2024 - Nelson 3. What is the purpose of the Levene’s test? (1 point) It is used to verify that variances are equal across test groups or test samples. 4. What is the conclusion from the test result? (1 points) There is a significant difference in age between the employed and unemployed groups. B. Answer the following questions based on the SPSS output. Paste the relevant table(s) here to support your answers, unless it has already been pasted above. 1. What is the null hypothesis being tested with this t- test? (1 point) H0: Employment status is not a potential factor in the effect of aging on cognitive functions. 2. Use the SPSS output to calculate effect size, d. Must show the calculation process. (2 points: deduct 1 if the process is correct but the calculation has errors. No credit is earned if no table is pasted to support the answer.) Alternately, you may use SPSS to simply display this value. (2 points for figuring out where to find this, in SPSS output: note the relevant table from the SPSS output must be pasted to earn the points this way.) Effect size is 3.334

Spring A 2024 - Nelson 3. Report the t- test result in symbols according to the APA standards, including t -statistic with degree of freedom, p -value, and effect size d . Present all the items in one single line, separated by commas, with the symbols italicized. (3 points: 1 each for t -statistic, 1 for p- value, 1 for effect size d . No credit is earned if no table is pasted here or previously to support the answer.) t (54) = 24.724, p <.001, d = 4.7378 4. What is your decision about the null hypothesis (reject or fail to reject)? What is your rationale? (1 point: .5 for each answer) Reject the null hypothesis because there is a significant difference in age between the unemployed and employed groups. 5. Paste the table showing the means for the two employment status groups. What is your observation considering the means and the t -test result above? (1 point: no credit is earned if no relevant table is pasted) Q2. Select, perform, and interpret a t- test (10 points total, if SPSS output file is missing for this analysis, 50% of the total number of earned points will be deducted) The researcher would like to know if memory function changes significantly from the first testing session (Mem1) to the second testing session (Mem2). Include all the participants in this analysis. A. Selecting the statistical test:

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