Mason (2002) points finding a focus and knowing where you stand will be the deciding factor of what a research will unfold. Research is a process to discover new knowledge for either personal or professional to solve a problem. Unconsciously, most people are researchers most of the time with no define or formal process. I believe people do not necessarily think of themselves as researchers but research is about collecting information that tells us about something and helps to make informed decisions. As one go about their daily routine, research done whether it is reading a newspaper, listening to a radio or having general conversation to seek information awareness. Seek information to solve either a problem or awareness such as to …show more content…
The process then becomes a clear structure that evolves into a methodology and then develops into a paradigm (Glesne, 2011). The paradigm is the framework in which a process perceived, understood, and interprets the world that lies at the intersection of ontology, methodology and epistemology (Glesne, 2011). Research methods that will be comparing and contrasting are qualitative, quantitative, and mixed.
Qualitative Method
According to Mason (2002), qualitative method is concerned with understanding human behavior or thought process from the participant’s perspective whether it is positive or negative. This type of method goes beyond the numbers. The qualitative data is descriptive data and challenging to analyze then quantitative data. Analysis of qualitative data requires an accurate description of the participant’s response, for example, sorting the participant’s response to open questions and interview into broad subject (Mason, 2002). The paradigm, interpretivism, establishes the meaning of an experience from the view of the participant. The methodological process includes data collection through participant’s observation and interviews (Mason, 2002).The most common types are face-to-face interviews and focus groups. Several qualitative designs include case studies, ethnographic studies, grounded theory, and phenomenological studies (Mason, 2002). Case study explores a single entity or phenomenon bounded by
Research can be used in many methods, for example: questionnaires, television, leaflets, books etc. it allows us to keep up to date on the new findings or discoveries e.g. a new type of cancer or a new vaccination. Research is the investigation into
WHAT IS RESEARCH? It is a planned process whereby information is collected for a specific purpose, analysed and reported.
According to Depoy and Gittin, research is a way individuals think about problems in systematic way. Research is generally described as description, exploration, analysis, prediction and problem solving. There are different types of research and these researches are called the experiments, quasi-experiments and non-experiments. The purpose of research is to provide the insight to practice, it also enhance individuals understanding as well as developing new approaches with different topics, get to test your research for effectiveness. Understanding research is important because it helps to build individuals knowledge bases and informs decision making in practice. Research also enable us to make sure that our practice are up to date with relevant information.
There are different types of researches that can occur depending on what information needs to be solved and discovered. Usually when a researcher picks a certain topic to research they tend to pick a topic that will have a paragraph that can relate to their self so this gives them more interest to feel for that subject, this is called problem formulation. When the researcher is developing a plan to start the research the focus should be based on where the subject is currently highly affected the most and who is mainly drawn to this subject. This was the researcher can know who to interview and which location. For instance if a case worker is researching rates on domestic violence, the findings should come from the state which has the highest rates as well as the rates of men who are arrested for domestic violence. Being a researcher you have to manage time well and make sure your researching in
Qualitative research design is an evolving process that continues to expand as the research continues. Multiple types of study designs can be used when researching dependent on the information the researchers are trying to obtain. In the article, the researchers described the design as exploratory using semi-structured focus groups for data collection. Recordings were made of the interviews and then analyzed for similar themes. This type of design is called descriptive phenomenology which participants describe lived experiences through detailed interview or conversational process and then researchers bracket the opinions in their study (Polit & Beck, 2014). The method of design was appropriate for the research question and objectives as it allowed for the understanding of feelings and identity. The themes of questioning allowed for
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables” (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research “is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting” (p. 2). Cresswell’s definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010).
Research is a way of finding out improved ways to prevent and treat diseases. According to (moule, P. and hek, G.) research is a systematic approach to gathering information for the purpose of answering questions and solving problems in the pursuit of creating new knowledge about health and social care.
It is evident from the definition above that paradigms guide how research problems are understood and addressed by researchers. Patton (as cited by Chilisa & Kawulich 2012:1) argues that ontology relates to whether we believe there is one verifiable reality or whether there are multiple, socially constructed realities. Epistemology concentrates on how we as individuals know what we know? It questions the nature of knowledge, truth and reliability of the knowledge. Methodology concentrates on the procedures and approaches we use to acquire knowledge. Therefore every paradigm fundamentally has its own ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions which help to determine the assumptions and beliefs that frame a researcher’s view of a research problem and how he/she will go about investigating it and what methods he/she will explore to answer the research
The interpretive paradigm has its theoretical roots in hermeneutics, phenomenology and symbolic interactionism. The qualitative research methodologies are based on interpretive research paradigm. This paradigm believes that we should conduct research to comprehend social life and describe how people construct social meaning. It seeks to understand the meaning human actions and experiences and generate accounts of those meanings from the perspective of the participants in the research. This approach to social science research rejects the positivist idea that the research methods of physical sciences can be used in the social sciences to understand the human behaviour. Interpretivists argue that the fundamental causes
A paradigm is essentially what guides the research conducted by a researcher. Qualitative and quantitative are the main two research paradigms that guide a researcher. These are basically beliefs about reality or ontology. This is called relativism and in this paradigm, the researcher believes that there are many qualitative perspectives of reality. Generally this type of research is subjective. Qualitative research analysis is generally inductive and focuses on experiences and perceptions of research participants. Research design methods for this paradigm include phenomenology (lived experience), ethnography (influence of culture) and grounded theory (social process) (NurseKillam, 2017).
When utilizing a qualitative approach, the task becomes one of determining the qualitative method to be used. Additionally, Stake (2010) used purpose, research design, and methodical data techniques as a way of classifying types of qualitative research. Similarly, Cresswell & Cresswell (2007) spoke of five practices of qualitative research. These five practices consist of biography, phenomenological study, grounded theory study, ethnography, and case study. This researcher chose a phenomenological study for this research project.
There are various approaches that can be used to analyze qualitative data such as the general inductive approach, grounded theory approach, Discourse analysis and Phenomenology
Research methods are referred as the techniques that are being used for conducting research in specific context or scenario. Myers and Avison (2002) interpreted the research methods in qualitative research as the strategy, which flows the underlying philosophical assumptions to research design and data collation. It influences the way of designing the research and collocating the data. A range of qualitative research methods, in particular for interpretivism research, can be adopted such as ethnography, observation, action research, and case studies (Myers & Avison, 2002; Denzin & Lincoln, 2005). Having said that, Myers (1999, p.3) clearly stated that the researchers should be “aware of the potential benefits and risks beforehand, and to know in which circumstances it might or might not be appropriate.” Therefore, three research methods were studied action research, case study, and ethnography research.
Research is a goal an individual aims to discover, learn, observe, and ultimately write about. It is a practice of pursuing the process of discovering knowledge on a specific topic. I once told someone what I find to be intriguing to me and they also told me what they unearth to be fascinating. They appear to have squandered too much time on the issue, but, I was young then and seem to be new to his universe of knowledge. Their advice was doing a research in order to uncover everything about the subject until I feel I am the expert. That wasn 't all, and then I was to study and discover some more knowledge with regard to it. I was quite frustrated with that advice because I would like to spend only a week on studying. Will, here I am, finally endeavoring to carry out that concept of research and discovery through studying and learning some more on the subject I would like to become an expert on. Research in general supports the same concept of learning and knowledge obtained from constant education. Advance research in graduate level has a set standard, strategy, and methodology to keep abreast. Once the individual has discovered what topic holds his/her interest, after that comes the selection of research methodology. This is the planning stage of the process. The researcher has two options, the qualitative or quantitative approach. Simply, the researcher can choose to apply both methodologies in a mix method or can choose to use each, individually. Each of
There are different methods to collect data from qualitative research, this includes visual analysis from videos or books, observations and individual or group interviews (Gill et al., 2008). Based on the given article on qualitative research, the article mentioned that it uses case study approach for their research. Robson (1993) define case study as “a strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple sources of evidence”. Based on Zainal (2007), only a limited number of individuals or a small geographical area as the subjects of study will be chosen to be involved in a case study research. Thus, this enables a researcher to closely examine