A Short Note On Penthrox And Its Effects On The Early Zealand And Australia Essay

This paper will demonstrate the author’s ability to prescribe safely from the Nurse Prescribing Formulary (NPF 2009-2011). A prescribing situation undertaken by myself while supervised by my mentor will be discussed. The patients name, address, date of birth and GP details have been changed to ensure patient confidentiality in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)(2004). The patient therefore will be referred to under the pseudonym Prince Charming.

Hofmann worked for Bayer, which then named acetylsalicylic acid compound aspirin. Aspirin became commercially available in 1899 and today it is estimated that over a trillion aspirin tablets have been consumed by those in need of its curative effects.

Substance abuse first became a big problem around the 1970’s throughout the 1980’s. America was discovering one drug after another to help manage their lives better (newsnarconon, 2009). Methaqualone was one of the first drugs that pharmacists were trying to use to take place of Barbiturate drugs (newsnarconon, 2009). The drug Methaqualone was first used to increase sexual activity, but later it was recognized that it did a great job at helping people sleep, which is why they wanted to use the drug to replace the Barbiturate drugs (newsnarconon, 2009). The pharmacists wanted to replace Barbiturate, because although it was the chosen pill for aid in sleeping, it was also greatly abused to get a high from (newsnarconon, 2009). Along with the high, when people would withdraw from the medication it was life threatening (newsnarconon, 2009).

Australia in the early 1900s has developed a reputation as a ‘working man’s paradise’ for its greater opportunity to success and an egalitarian society. However not all workers proved this to be true. In order to determine this statement, Issues to be discussed include firstly the hours of work for different genders, secondly the working conditions and finally the dispute for the right to fair treatment to women and Aboriginal natives throughout the 19th century.

Since the beginning of time our Earth has experienced many changes, these changes affected Australian biota whether it be in a positive or negative way. The study of Australian fossils contributes to the development of understanding the evolution of species in Australia in many different ways, such as seeing changes in physical appearance of species, and possible reasons why the species evolved into what they did, when and why a certain species may have become extinct and evidence/proof of theories such as natural selection. Each of these goes hand in hand and helps us find out what our Earth would have been like millions of years ago.

Although when it happens, there can be a devastating impact on patients as well as to the multidisciplinary theatre team involved. Consequently, the DAS has produced a consensus set of guidelines for managing failed intubations in adult and paediatric patients, but there are as yet no such nationally-agreed guidelines in obstetrics, therefore each obstetric unit should have their own flowchart with regards to management of failed intubation (Brien and Conlon, 2013). Furthermore, in light of the latest DAS guidelines, several aspects of clinical anaesthetic practise have changed over recent years (Frerk at al, 2015). Amongst the changes are the use of new drugs such as rocuronium and suggamadex and using electronic video-laryngoscopes (Frerk et al, 2015). Further work had also looked at extending the period of apnoea without causing desaturation by optimising the preoxygenation process and adequate patient positioning (Frerk et al, 2015). As a result, updated guidelines for difficult intubations in adult patients were published in 2015; these guidelines provide a flowchart to be used when endotracheal intubation proves difficult or impossible and focus on the central importance of oxygenation while reducing the amount of airway interventions in order to minimize trauma to the delicate airway (Frerk et al, 2015). The main message of the revised guidelines is

During the late 1700-1800s australia was made up of separate colonies, a country struggling to stay intact, low food supply and numerous convicts entering Australia. Throughout the 1700-1800s sutian reform changes have allowed the thriving development of Australia to be a completed country, such as the wool industry and gold rush.

Human rights are the rights of humans, regardless of nationality, gender, race, or religion. We should all have this in common as we are all part of humanity. However, Indigenous people did not always have these rights (Ag.gov.au, 2015). Aside from basic human rights, Indigenous people also have their own rights specific to their culture. Before 1967, Indigenous people had different rights in different states and the Australian federal government did not have any jurisdiction over Aboriginal affairs until Australia’s constitution was amended for this purpose in 1967 (Moadoph.gov.au, 2015). Between 1900 and the present time, there have been significant changes to the rights of Indigenous Australians. The effects of the European Settlement on the Indigenous people of Australia have been devastating. When white people began arriving in Australia, the Aboriginal people believed them to be ghosts of ancestor spirits. However, once they realised the settlers were invading their land, the Aborigines became, understandably, hostile (Slater & Parish, 1999, pp.8-11). In 1788, the total Indigenous population was believed to be between 750,000 and one million. By 1888, the Indigenous population was reduced to around 80,000 Australia wide (Korff, 2014). The three main reasons for this dramatic decline were the introduction of new diseases, violent conflicts with the colonisers, and settlers acquiring Indigenous land (Digital, 2015). In 1848, the Board of National Education stated that it

2. Review Mrs. Checketts home medications - which medications increase her risk for complications during her hospitalization and what are those complications?

In 1887, amphetamines were first produced in Germany and largely forgotten for forty years. In 1919, methamphetamine, a synthetic stimulant was developed by Japanese pharmacologist, A. Ogata. The drug helped with alertness and well-being. In the 1930 's, methamphetamines were widely used to treat bronchial diseases and narcolepsy. The American Medical Association approved a tablet form in 1935 for ADHD. During WWII, German and Japanese pilots used methamphetamines to stay awake during long flights, while the U.S and U.K used amphetamines. After the war, Japan saw an epidemic of methamphetamine abuse. The drug was still being used legally into the 1950 's and 1960 's by everyone from homemakers to truck drivers for alertness and weight loss. In 1970 methamphetamines became regulated in the Controlled Substances Act and a public education campaign was mounted to educate people about the dangers of the drug. Starting in the 1980 's and into the 1990 's the drug became extremely popular in the southwest,

Methaqualones were first introduced in India in 1955. This drug was then sent to Europe and Japan as a safe barbiturate substitute. By 1965 it had become the most commonly prescribed sedative in England. It was also at this time that it was gaining popularity as a street drug, under the names Mandies or

Shelter has always been a necessity for mankind. We, as humans, have a relationship with the land that we must respect to live happily amongst it. Spaning back as far as the pre-Colonial Australia, indigenous Australians understood this connection excellently. Their shelters seemed to ‘bend with the land’ as they understood crucial elements within the architecture to compensate for distinctive climate and cultural factors to fit their nomadic lifestyle. Their living style was very minimalistic yet practical. The indigenous Australians only built what they needed to survive. For evidence of this, we will be looking at the text; ‘Gunyah, Goondie and Wurley: the

A Swiss chemist named Dr. Albert Hoffman first produced lysergic acid Diethylmide –or best known as LSD in 1938 (Dye, 1992, p. 2). Hoffman discovered the drug while trying to synthesize a new drug for the treatment of headaches. He obtained the lysergic acid from the parasitic fungus that grows on rye plants known as ergot. From the lysergic acid, he synthesized the compound LSD. He used the compound to test for its pain killing properties on laboratory animals. Being that appeared totally ineffective, the bottle of LSD was placed on a shelf and remained untouched for five years.

Deglin, J.H., & Vallerand, A.H. (2005). Davi’s Drug Guide for Nurses 9th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.

There is also a spray to put under the tongue called Sativex. (p. 16). Oftentimes people will not want to smoke the marijuana because of the harmful effects it has on the lungs from the inhalation. That is why other options such as the pills, spray, food and a vaporization device have been developed.