A Study On Microstrip Antenna

This antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate. It has dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. copper material is used for ground plane and patch. We provided microstrip line feeding to this antenna.

On old radios the antenna was detrimental to the radio’s operation. Today, the antenna is not necessary. AM radio does not have as good of quality as FM but it can travel farther distances. FM signals can be interfered by things such as mountains or other barrier

1) How is the radiating electric field (or electromagnetic signal) produced when radio stations broadcast? Include a description of what is producing the signal as well as the reasoning behind how this could produce a signal.

An antenna is a system of similar antennas oriented similarly to get greater directivity in a desired direction.

• GPS Antenna - for connecting with the local telecommunication towers and for getting coordinates from the satellite

There are several substrate materials that can be used for fabrication antenna. Some of them are low cost while the others are highly expensive. Each substrate being used has its own advantages and disadvantages. The dielectric of each substrate plays an important role in the

Fig.12: The receiving antenna which is also called as the transmitting antenna gathers back-scattered radiation and gives it to a receiver. An EM pulse encountering a target is scattered in all directions. As larger the target, stronger the scattered signal will be.

Analysis of the performance of microwave category can be done through the increase or decrease in the demand between years. The analysis shows that the demand is ever increasing for microwave category products. The perceived advantage of using microwave foods has increased as the life of people is becoming more and more complex. The advantages could be summarized as time saving, greater appeal since it is a gourmet meal and the variety provided. The multi-use of the products at any time of the day in the form of breakfast, dinner, as well as lunch, is the reason for the high appeal of these products.

We, the students of Electrical and Electronics Engineering hereby declare that the Summer Internship Project Report titled “CONSTRUCTION AND SIMULATION OF MEDIUM TRANMISSION LINES” which is submitted by us to the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar title or recognition.

We have Review different research paper. Accordingly it is used to achieve significant bandwidth enhancement and analyze the matching and radiation properties of sub wavelength resonant patch antenna filled with double-negative, double positive and single negative meta material block ,quasi static equivalent circuit model for analysis and design of different types of artificial magnetic resonator and the possibility of using an active internal matching element in several type of metamaterial inspired electrically small antenna to overcome their

Figure 5. XBee Pro 63mW Wire Antenna - Series 2B (ZigBee Mesh). SparkFun website …………………………………………………………………………………………................7

This report is on brief discussion of What is Radar and how does it work. Also we will look after how it effects on the society.

The patch antenna, microstrip transmission line and ground plane are made of high conductivity metal (typically copper). The patch is of length L, width W, and sitting on top of a substrate (some dielectric circuit board) of thickness h with permittivity. The thickness of the ground plane or of the microstrip is not critically important. Typically the height h is much smaller than the wavelength of operation, but not much smaller than 0.05 of a wavelength.

Every communication system is primarily focused on the usage of antenna as it plays a vital role in transmitting and receiving the information signals. An antenna is made itself a mandate component of communication system. The stupendous growth of wireless communication systems along with wonderful use of radars opens a huge demand to new kind of antennas like small antennas, multi frequency antennas, and broadband antennas [2]-[1]. Planar multi-resonators and

operation but also needs to have an appropriate proposed design. It employs two techniques to improve the radiation pattern. These techniques are the use of an angled dipole and vertical copper plates arranged on the ground plane for improvement in the radiation pattern of lower and upper bands, respectively radiation profile in both bands, namely similar gain, wide beamwidth. One of the popular techniques for broadening the patch antenna bandwidth is to incorporate a U-slot on its surface. They have the ability to confine the power in certain directions instead of scattering the power everywhere.