A Study On Self Care Practice Essay

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Type 1 DM once known as juvenile diabetes or Insulin dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence (1).

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects the body’s metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The result is hyperglycemia secondary to defective insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015).

Diabetes is a chronic disease that severely effects the lives of patients suffering from it. Diabetes occurs when the body’s blood glucose levels are too high (1). There are two main types of Diabetes known as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce the adequate amounts of insulin, and patients with type 1 require daily insulin replacement in order to survive (Martini et al 2015 p. 664). Type 2 diabetes, which is the most common type of diabetes, is often correlated with obesity. The body is able to produce the normal amounts of insulin, but the tissues in the body do not respond appropriately. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled by medication and weight loss, but like type 1, it cannot be cured

Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune dysfunction characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin, lack of insulin resistance, or both with the involvement of destruction of cells known as beta cells, which produce insulin in the organ called pancreas. The pathophysiology behind this metabolic disorder is that there are two types of diabetes mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2 and are two very distinct entities. For those who predispose to Type 1 diabetes, a triggering event, possibly a viral infection which will lead to a production of autoantibodies therefore, killing the beta cells which will decline in and an ultimate lack of insulin secretion. Insulin deficiency will then occur, when a great amount of beta cells are destroyed leading to the sign of hyperglycemia, enhanced lipolysis, and protein catabolism. Having its juvenile onset it is insulin dependent. Making the pancreas secrete little or no insulin . Replacing it with synthetic insulins such as rapid acting, regular, intermediate, and long acting insulin to counteract.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting the body’s ability to take up glucose into the tissues. There are two main classifications; Type 1 is known as insulin dependent, meaning that the patient’s body no longer produces insulin to help in the uptake of glucose. Type 2 is known as non-insulin dependent, these patients usually have two problems; insulin resistance, the insulin they produce does not work properly and β-cell impairment, their body does not produce enough insulin.2 In 2008 a study showed that of 24 million patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in the United States, 40% of them were 65 years of age or older.1

Self-management treatment. Self-management is a crucial step in the treatment for everyday life of diabetes patients. "Successful long-term diabetes self-management requires the integration of pharmacotherapy, proper nutrition, home blood glucose monitoring, continuing patient education, an increase in physical activity, and surveillance for and prevention of short- and long-term complications" (Unger, 2013, p. 62). Once being diagnosed with diabetes, some lifestyle changes would be important to make. A routine of checking blood glucose levels needs to be established. Changes is the persons diet and exercise are also important. This will keep their weight in check, allowing them to control their diabetes better. These are done at

 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is characterized by, hyperglycemia, the increase in the blood glucose level. Glucose is an important source of energy for the body cells but its level should be controlled in the blood. When the glucose concentration increases in the blood (for example after eating a meal) then it stimulates pancreas to release a hormone called insulin. Insulin is made and secreted by the beta cells, located in clusters called pancreatic islets, of the pancreas. After releasing in the blood stream Insulin binds to their receptors on different body tissues and organs which allow the glucose to enter inside them. Inside the tissues glucose is used for different purposes such as energy production by cellular respiration, converted into glycogen or converted into fat and then stored. When the insulin does not produce at all, does not produce in sufficient amount (hyposecretion) or body tissues do not respond to insulin then the glucose level in the blood remains high at all times. Such condition can be defined as diabetes mellitus or diabetes (Cartailler, n.d.).

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious chronic metabolic disorder associated with high blood sugar that affects the body’s ability to metabolize nutrients and use them as fuel. Normally the body uses carbohydrates and sugars that are eaten and breaks them down into a usable sugar in the body called glucose. Glucose has the ability to fuel the body and supply it with the energy it needs for daily activities. In order for the body to break down the carbohydrates and sugars into the usable glucose the body needs a vital hormone called insulin which allows glucose to enter the cells and leave the blood stream. With diabetes mellitus the body either doesn’t make enough insulin or it has difficulty using the insulin that it does produce. In the absence of insulin the body has a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream. High levels of blood glucose leads to very serious health conditions because it destroys the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, eyes, heart, and nervous system.

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases. The body is unable to produce or absorb sufficient amounts of insulin. This causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood. The pancreas normally produces insulin which regulates the level of glucose in the blood as 1)well as how it's used. "Glucose is vital to your health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It's also your brain's main source of fuel" (mayoclinic.org/ 2014).

Self-care in diabetes have be defined as an evolutionary process of increase of knowledge by education to survive with the complex nature of the diabetes in a social framework [20,21]. While the vast majority of day-to-day care in diabetes is handled by patients [22], there is an essential need for valid and reliable measures for self-management of diabetes [23-25].

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multisystem disease with both biochemical and anatomical/structural consequences. (Wolfsdorf et al: 2009) It is a chronic disease of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by the lack of insulin, which results from the marked and progressive inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin because of autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. Type 1 DM can occur at any age. It occurs most commonly in juveniles but can also occur in adults, especially in those in their late 30s and early 40s. Unlike people with Type 2 DM, those with Type 1 DM are generally not obese and may present initially with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The distinguishing characteristic of a patient with Type 1 DM is that if his or her

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that results in the body’s destruction of its own insulin producing β-cells of the pancreas (Simmons, 2015) which accounts for 5%-10% of people living with T1DM (Porth, 2015) In order to understand T1DM, it is important to know that the body metabolizes sugars and starches into the simple sugar glucose. Glucose is converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the cells of our body which is the main source of energy. Insulin is the hormone produced by the pancreas so sugar can more readily used by the cell from the bloodstream. When your pancreas does not produce the hormone insulin anymore, the glucose in the blood stream remains causing an individual with type 1 diabetes to have abnormally

Diabetes is one of the severe diseases or problems for human body. It is a complex, chronic illness that requires continuous medical care with risk-reduction strategies beyond a person’s blood glucose control. This disease usually increases high blood glucose or blood sugar level of a person or affected person over a prolonged period. It has been demonstrated that when insulin production in the human body is in poor quantity, or the cells of the body do not respond properly to insulin, or both; it can be the cause of a metabolic diseases or diabetes.

According to World Health Organization, the term “diabetes mellitus” (DM) describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolisms due to defects in insulin secretion and/or activity.82

Metabolism is a sequence of biochemical reactions that take place in every single cell and organ to maintain the organism growth, reproduction, damage repair, and adaptation to the surrounding environment. These reactions involve catabolism and anabolism using the major sources of energy: proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Furthermore, any disruption in the regulation of the metabolic processes affects the individual’s morbidity and mortality [1]. Accordingly, in this chapter, we are going to discuss diabetes mellitus, which is one of the main metabolic disorders.