Acute Pyelonepheritis Case Study

Nephritis is the inflammation of one or both kidneys. Causes may include: kidney conditions, lupus nephritis, neuropathy etc. Types of nephritis include: acute, chronic, glomerulonephritis, and autoimmune. Symptoms include: cloudy and bloody urine or reduced urine, and loin pain.

A kidney infection if not treated quickly and properly can permanently damage your kidneys or the bacteria can spread to your bloodstream and cause a life-threatening infection.

| Term for any infection in the urinary tract, including cystitis and pyelonephritis. It can be

Urinary tract infection also referred to as UTI is the second most common infection in the body. The urinary tract system in your body which includes the bladder and kidneys makes urine and carries it out of your body. When germs get into the urinary tract system an infection is typically formed. UTI’s are usually caused when unwanted bacteria enters through the urethra and begins to multiply (www.mayoclinic.org). The bacteria that are normally found in the large intestine and feces are the most common source of a UTI. Sexual intercourse is one of the common causes of urinary tract infections for women, causing bacteria to move up into the urinary tract. Sometimes in a hospital setting a patient who is on a catheter can also get a urinary tract infection.

Most urinary tract infections are not serious, but some infections if left untreated can lead to serious problems. Some urinary infections can travel to the kidneys. Chronic kidney

UTI is an infection of the urethra, bladder, ureters and kidneys that occurs when bacteria gain access to the urinary system (Dailly, 2011). This makes a patient's urine to contain bacteria during a laboratory test, and this bacteria is more prone to being active when

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that can involve any part of the urinary system, including

Coli bacteria. In adjustment for an infection to occur, the E. Coli bacilli has to attach itself to the beef lining the float or the urethra (the tube that carries the urine out of the body). The ache of E. Coli that has been the a lot of acknowledged at causing a urinary amplitude infection has developed a circuitous set of adhering molecules that act like tiny assimilation cups to attach themselves to the tissue of the urinary tract. Once those adhering molecules become absorbed to the tissue of the urinary tract, they anon alpha to reproduce. This causes affliction and the archetypal affection of an infection like burning, aching urination, and a faculty of coercion to urinate. If the infection spreads to the kidneys, it can could could cause added problems like lower aback pain, fever, and

Nearly 1 in 3 women will have had at least 1 episode of UTI requiring antimicrobial therapy by the age of 24 years. Specific subpopulations at increased risk of UTI include infants, pregnant women, the elderly, patients with spinal cord injuries and/or catheters, patients with diabetes or multiple sclerosis, patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus, and patients with underlying urologic abnormalities. There are important medical and financial implications associated with UTIs. In the nonobstructed, nonpregnant female adult, acute uncomplicated UTI is believed to be a benign illness with no long-term medical consequences. However, UTI elevates the risk of pyelonephritis, premature delivery, and fetal mortality among pregnant women, and is associated with impaired renal function and end-stage renal disease among pediatric

A Urinary tract infection (UTI) including the bladder and kidneys, is an infection that encompasses the entire urinary system. The kidneys and bladder filter the blood to make Urine. A urinary catheter is a thin tube placed in the bladder to drain urine. Urine drains through the tube into a bag where the urine collects. When the whole system is compromised, a patient can become very ill. A catheter provides a link between the outside environment and a usually sterile system. Now that the catheter is in place, microorganisms are no longer removed by normal voiding. Germs do not usually live in the region of the urinary system, but when they are re-introduced through the absence of voiding, infection becomes a problem. A urinary catheter may be used when you cannot urinate on your own, to measure the amount of urine you produce, during and after certain types of surgery and during testing of the urinary system. Health care associated infections(HAIs) are an on-going issue, specifically the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Simply put, those with catheters have a higher chance of obtaining a CAUTI than patients who do not.

The antibacterial defense of the urinary tract relies almost entirely on innate immunity. Defects in innate immunity drastically increase UTI susceptibility prone to pyelonephritis. (Nielubowicz and Mobley. 2010) (Ragnarsdóttir et al., 2010)

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a group of diseases that affect the organs in the urinary system such as the kidney, bladder and interconnecting tubes. The infection is often caused by bacteria and other micro-organisms which rarely originate from the bloodstream. The three most common types of UTI infection are Cystitis which infects the bladder, Pyelonephritis which infects the kidney and urethritis which is common in the urethra. Kidney infections are especially serious and may require immediate medical attention.

This occurs when the kidney and urinary tract has been obstructed for extended periods of time. As a consequence, this prolonged blockage can lead to buildup, which, if not treated, can generate hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis is a condition in which the kidney swells and typically only impacts one kidney, but can affect both when a kidney stone causes the blockage. During this time, the hydronephrosis can lead to a urinary tract infection, pain in the flank area, and difficulty urinating. At this stage, patients would need If so, after all of this has occurred, and the patient has still not received treatment, the next outcome would be End-stage renal Disease, or total loss of kidney function. However, this outcome is unlikely and can only occur is a kidney stone is large enough to not be able to pass on its own, and the stone remains in the urinary tract for long enough to cause a large enough blockage that will lead to

BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating the role of Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) in acute urethritis are scarce; therefore more studies are needed to define its propensity for causing inflammation of the urethra.

Glomerulonephritis (GN), or the inflammation of glomeruli, is a leading cause of renal failure worldwide. Inflammation is characterized by vascular fragility, infiltration of leukocytes, and edema. Glomerular disease may manifest by three major syndromes: nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Nephritic syndrome consists of sudden onset of hematuria, non-nephrotic range proteinuria (1.5 g/24 h), active sediment with red blood cell (RBC) casts or dysmorphic RBCs, acute renal failure, and hypertension. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by heavy proteinuria (>3.5 g/24 h), edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. RPGN is characterized by active sediment (RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs) and rapid development of acute renal failure usually over a period of weeks to months. Glomerulonephritis accounts for the majority of progressive renal disease in many parts of the world.