Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS)

AMPs is an umbrella term for several pain disorders such as chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPs), fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, reflex neurovascular dystrophy (RND), and reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). AMPs can cause pain all over your body while CRPs causes pain in just one part of your body. AMPS can change the way your body looks or even your entire personality. With AMPS my legs would turn blue and so would my hands. I also would become very upset and, extremely anxious all the time. My life was affected with Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome, or AMPs, in a big way mentally and physically. There are three major causes for people who have AMPs, injury, illness, and psychological stress. When people have AMPs and are being treated for it, they have to do psychology sessions, physical therapy sessions, and occupational therapy sessions. For normal people, pain is felt like this: You get hurt, the damage sends a signal through the pain nerve to the spinal cord, the signal is then transferred up to the brain, and the brain recognizes this as pain. Consequently, for people with AMPs something different happens, the pain does not only go up to the brain it also goes to the neurovascular nerves, which control blood flow through the blood vessels. This causes the blood vessels to constrict which causes, even more, pain. The reason for this is because of

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), previously known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome (RSD), is a chronic neuro-inflammatory disorder (Sebastian, 2011). This disorder is characterized by persistent, on-going pain and disability. According to the Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association (RSDA), up to two hundred thousand people in the United States are affected with the disorder every year (“Telltale Signs and Symptoms of CRPS/RSD,” n.d.). Although anyone can be diagnosed with this syndrome, it is most commonly seen in women versus men (3.5:1), and in individuals around age forty (“Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Fact Sheet,” 2013; Goebel, 2011). Unlike most syndromes, diseases, or other illnesses, there is no statistical data available for the mortality rates of CRPS since people do not die from the syndrome. However, those with CRPS may die due to the complications associated with CRPS on the various bodily organ systems including: the cardiac system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, endocrine system, urological system, and gastrointestinal system (Schwartzman, 2012).

Most of the time, they do group counseling which includes ten to twelve, but they also do some individual and family. For the group counseling, it always takes about three hours each time, and the program is thirty-five days’ long. After the program, the following care of clients will be continued for another year.

According to Granholm (2016) typical cognitive behavioral program will consist of 6-18 s face to face sessions between the patient and therapist, that will last around an hour each with a gap of 1 to 3 weeks between sessions. After the initial program there will needed to be

A session lasts for two-and-a-half hours and can be in the morning or afternoon. Nursery schools may also offer childcare.

In October 2007, a nine-year-old Ophelia Brown started experiencing extreme pain in both of her knees. After numerous hospital visits, X-rays and MRIs, she was given a “clean bill of health (cite)” by doctors. However in 2012, she was referred to a rheumatologist at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), where she was diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). CRPS is a neuropathic disorder that is caused by damage to the peripheral and central nervous systems, which then causes the pain to radiate through the limbs. Ophelia experiences “every type of pain”, according to her mother, Sheila Craig and this pain is treated with drugs and physiotherapy. Specifically, Ophelia takes anti-anxiety drugs and a muscle relaxant.

There are several things that help the therapist and physician to determine the success of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation program for each patient. The program is eight weeks long and the patient attends three times a week for 1 hour each

The treatment centers are intended to achieve community and emotional support, behavioral, and educational needs of youth in rehabilitation. Youth enrollees must earn a successful release by completing spectrum seven stages of intellectual healing process aimed to changed delinquent thinking and behavior. The program is customized and time in treatment is uncertain for each enrollee. Normally, treatment last 12 to 14 months, though based on each youth treatment mission.

Patients live and receive treatment in the same supervised facility, generally for about 28 days before returning to their homes or transferring to a step-down program.

The curriculum includes courses in anatomy and physiology, psychology, pharmacology, and must complete an average of five hundred supervised clinical hours (Steiner, McLaughlin, Hyde, Brown, & Burman, 2008).

Complex regional pain syndrome (CPRS) formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy is an autonomic and central nervous system disease that results in an individual’s experiencing chronic pain (Ferrillo, 2016). Pain usually happens in one or more generalized region of the extremities, such as the arms, hands, legs, or feet, but can also affect other parts of the body. Although the particular origin of the disease is undetermined, the majority of the time CRPS is caused by a significant trauma; such as a fracture, sprain, burn, cut, bruise, limb immobilization, or a surgical procedure (Ferrillo, 2016). CRPS stems from a neurological dysfunction that generates severe pain, mild or dramatic changes in skin color, temperature, and swelling in the affected area (National Institute of Neurological disorders and Stroke, 2015). There are two types of complex regional pain syndrome, type I is no apparent nerve injury and may it develop following a noxious event that may or may not have been traumatic. Types II develop after a nerve injury of the affected area (Carr, Cerda, & Fiala, 2016).

The program started the following week and the whole intervention was conducted over two school terms with weekly sessions of 30 minutes each (approximately 5 months). Three classroom

First the case is send to the program from the District Attorney’s Office, and then a letter is send to the child’s home for invitation to the program. When the client comes in I first take a MAYSI assessment (Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument). After the assessment, I briefly go over the result of the assessment and then conduct an orientation to the family to help them better understand what the program is really about. The family does have a choice whether or not they would do the program. If they decided that the program is a good fit for them then I schedule them for a comprehensive assessment which takes up to two hours to complete. The comprehensive assessment form assess in four major parts which is education history, family history, substance abuse and physical mental health status. After the assessment I then decide which type of intervention approach that I’m going to use. The program does not provide any type of counseling we have to refer out to the community for intervention.

These children have a reduced sensitivity to pain, but are abnormally sensitive to sound, touch, or other sensory stimulation. These unusual reactions may contribute to behavioral symptoms such as a resistance to being cuddled or hugged.

The therapy consists of eight sessions in eight weeks. Individuals who participate will get access to worksheets in each session, and to a personal therapist who will monitor every aspect of the individual’s online therapy program. Individuals will receive daily feedback and access to live chats with a