Analysis Of A Dot Of Ink Chromatography

The purpose of this experiment was to separate the component of three mixtures sand, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate then calculate the percentage by mass of each component recovered from the mixture. The other purpose of this experiment was to show us the students the concepts associated with physical and chemical properties of substances.

Tetrahymena in the 5% ink showed a higher stained vacuole count that those in 1% ink. This supported our hypothesis that the Tetahymena in a higher concentration of ink would show more staining, because there is more ink around for them to consume. Differing results were found in a similar experiment by Bazzone (2000), as cells in a higher ink concentration showed fewer vacuoles than those at a lower ink concentration. This experiment followed the same procedure, but expanded the ink concentrations to include 10% ink and examined cells at the timepoints 2, 10, 20, and 30 minutes (Bazzone, 2000). This study did not find an explanation for why these results occurred (Bazzone, 2000). Since our numbers of vacuoles of 1% and 5% ink were nearly identical for each time period, it is possible that if we repeated the experiment and counted more

For part one of this experiment, I only experienced separation of colors with the green and brown M&M’s, along with the yellow food coloring. The green M&M separated into yellow and blue, with blue travelling farther up the paper. It is not surprising that green separated into blue and yellow because those are the primary colors that make up green. The brown M&M separated into red and orange, with the orange travelling farther up the paper. Finally, the yellow food coloring separated into yellow and red, with yellow travelling farther up the paper. This could be because it was such a concentrated, small amount of food coloring. The colors that didn’t travel very far up the paper, such as orange and brown, are probably less soluble than the others, like blue and green.

3. Test the effect of a magnet on each substance by passing the magnet under

First the iron was separate out of the 3.00 grams mixture. Because iron is magnetic, a magnet separated the iron leaving the salt and sand behind. The magnet extracted a total of .70 grams of iron. By dividing the

1. Paper Chromatography is a method used for the separation of colors which are also referred to as colored chemicals/substances or pigments. This method is used for experiments, to identify coloring agents and to separate out a compound into its various components.

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) works in relation to the polarity of chemicals. A plate is first covered with aluminum foil or silica etc. and has solutions of varying polarities placed upon the aluminum foil or silica. When placed in a in a puddle of solvent that moves up the plate, the different inks i.e. the solution will move up the place based on their Rf values. Adherence increases with increasing polarity, so the less polar compounds will be carried farther by the solvent. Eventually the dyes will separate into their compontnets, which can be visibly seen. This is then used to determine who the ink of the unsigned note belonged to along with the pen that it belonged

5.Then use a magnet and take out the iron from the mixture because iron is the only thing that is magnetic in the mixture

The first of these three methods is microscopy, used most notably by Walter C. McCrone. As defined by McCrone, microscopy is “the use of any tool or technique that allows us to identify microscopic objects.” This includes the use of the light microscope as well as more advanced types of microscopes such as the electron microscope and x-ray diffraction (McCrone 1976, p. 676 A). McCrone's methods using microscopy were desirable because they allow observations to be made on small samples so that no visible damage is done to the item being tested. When testing the Vinland Map, McCrone used a small needle with rubber cement on the tip to pick up ink particles. Particles were then observed, first using an optical stereo microscope, and then observed more closely with a series of more advanced microscopic techniques such as the electron microscope and x-ray diffraction (McCrone 1976).

Pigments extracted from different greens have different polarities and may be different colors. Mixed pigments can be separated using chromatography paper. Chromatography paper is able to separate mixed pigments due to their polarity and solubility. Pigments of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and beta carotene will be separated on chromatography paper because each has its own polarity and solubility, which results in different distance traveled up the paper. Beta carotene is non-polar so it travels the highest distance, followed by chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b is the most polar; therefore, it travels the shortest distance. The separated pigments on the chromatography paper can be eluted in acetone and absorbance spectrum is

In order to obtain the photosynthetic pigment’s absorption spectra the pigments are separated using paper chromatography. Paper chromatography is an analytical technique that separates a mixture based on the individual pigment’s size, polarity and solubility (Lewis, 2004). The separation of the mixtures involves a stationary phase (the chromatography paper), which a mobile phase (solvent) moves up through. When the mixtures is applied to the paper and allowed to flow with the mobile phase, the different pigments move at different rates (Campbell, 1996). This means the pigments that absorb the strongest to the stationary phase (the chromatography paper) will move the slowest, while the weakest will move the fastest. The rate of the pigments movement will separate each pigment individually from the mixture (Maitland, 2002). This natural separation shows that each pigment is chemically different and plays different roles in photosynthesis (Maitland, 2002).

The next step was to place the strip of chromatography paper on a paper towel. Then dip a capillary tube into the plant pigment extract (spinach pigment extract) provided by the teacher. The tube will fill on its own. We applied the extract to the pencil line on the paper, blew the strip dry, and repeated it three to four times until the line on the paper is a dark

Chromatography Investigation Chromatography is a highly regarded technique used to separate the components of a mixture. It is based on the principle that each component possesses a unique affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The components that are more inclined to enter the mobile phase will migrate further on the chromatogram and distinguish themselves from the other components. The type of solvent used in chromatography is known to directly affect the separation of the mixture. In this experiment, thin-layer and column chromatography will be utilized to separate the numerous chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of a spinach extract.

In the future, in order to improve this study, one could attempt to separate a mixture consisting of more than four different components. This would improve the study seeing as one would have a larger variety of components and therefore a larger variety of methods which could be used to separate the mixture. This would also help one to understand how the physical and chemical properties of the components in a mixture affect a larger variety of separation methods, not just those tested in this experiment. Another way in which this study could be improved is by experimenting more with the different states of matter. In this experiment, two of the three states of matter were experimented with. These states being solids and liquids. In the future, however, one should attempt to separate a mixture containing gases as well. This would help improve the study seeing as it would once again provide a larger variety of separation methods which could be used and therefore, a better understanding of how the properties of matter affect the separation methods used on a mixture. There are multiple ways in which the methods used in this experiment could be useful in other scientific studies and scientific fields. One way in which these methods could be

The purpose of this experiment is to measure mass and volume, the main focus of this procedure is to determine whether there is any correlation between density and concentration of salt in a solution of water and salt in which the amount of salt is unknown. The purpose is to determine the best procedure for measuring density. Will the graduated cylinder yield more accurate readings or will it be the volumetric flask? In this experiment it was decided to proceed by taking