Anatomical Systems In Football : Gross Anatomy Of The Ankle Joint

When you sprain and ankle the ligaments in the ankle stretch more than naturally intended and tear. “Sprained ankles are the most common type of musculoskeletal injury”-https://www.emedicinehealth.com. The ankle is made up of three bones the tibia is the major bone in the ankle and it hold most of the bodies weight. The fibula is the smallest bone in the ankle and the final bone is the talus which is the bone on the top of the foot. Stress on the ligaments causes them to stretch or tear. You can sprain an ankle by landing on the side of your foot when you jump or run, stepping on a not flat surface like stepping in a pothole or in sports when

and stability allowing the knee joint to slightly rotate the body before and while releasing the ball and lastly the tarsals,metatarsal and phalanges (comprise the bones of the foot to allow

On the downward phase dorsiflexion occurs at the ankle, the tibialis anterior acts as the synergist in this movement and contracts concentrically (Seeley et al., 2003). The extensor halluces

The MP joint is enclosed in a joint capsule, which is thin on the dorsal aspect, and rather thick on the plantar aspect.

The main bone of the ankle is the talus which is the foot, tibia and fibula. The talocrural joint is a hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula which is the lower limb on the proximal end of the talus. The subtler joint is articulation between two tarsal bones in the foot which is the talus and calcaneus, its a plane joint.

The posterior tibial tendon is one of the vital foot supporting structures. This fibrous begins in the calf muscles, stretching behind the ankle, then attaches to a midfoot bone. That bone is known as the navicular. It is very important in the structure of the arch. The posterior tibial tendon has an important role of securing the navicular in the right position. This in turn holds the arch of the foot in place, while providing support when tension is transferred from the toes to the rest of the foot. When this particular bone loses position due to tendon malfunction, the arch starts to sag, and eventually disappears. This leads to a flatfoot deformity. Post

Lateral ankle sprains result in multiple acute problems including missed playing time, mechanical and functional instability, weakness, and countless other issues. Injury to the lateral ligamentous complex results in more time lost from participation than any other single sport-related injury. If left untreated or treated poorly, an ankle sprain can develop into a chronic condition. As many as 33% to 42% of lateral ankle sprains exhibit a common and serious residual disability referred to as chronic ankle instability or CAI (Hale et al., 2014). The American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons defines chronic ankle instability as a condition characterized by recurring “giving way of the outer (lateral) side of the ankle,” and can occur in the absence of mechanical instability. Hale et al., (2014) states chronic ankle instability to be a long-term sequela to an ankle sprain injury and is felt in 20% to 40% of grade II or III diagnosed ankle sprains. By decreasing the chance of obtaining a lateral ankle sprain, chronic ankle instability and other ankle pathology would therefore also be

This is the common type of unstable ankle injury (fracture ankle with syndesmotic disruption) about 60%. It involves injury first to the lateral structure starting with the anterior tibiofibular ligament, the remainder of the syndesmosis, fibula, posterior malleolus, and finally the medial bone structure or deltoid ligament. Another common mechanism is the pronation external rotation injury, about 15%. In which the pronated foot is subjected to external rotation forces, the mechanics of injury are forces that start on the medial side, causing a deltoid avulsion or medial malleolar fracture and then proceed to the anterior tibiofibular ligament and syndesmosis, the fibula, and finally the posterior malleolar area. The pattern of fibular fracture is distinctive in the supination injuries usually a long spiral with some comminution. In the pronation injury the fibula has a short oblique fracture above the

Syndesmotic injuries can also result from severe eversion or inversion ankle sprains. Excessive eversion at the Subtalar joint can tear the deltoid ligament, force the talus to push the fibula laterally, and eventually damage the tibiofibular ligaments. Severe inversion injuries damage the lateral ankle ligaments and can also disrupt the ankle mortise and fibular stability, the tibia and fibula usually separate and spontaneously reduce. In the eversion and inversion mechanisms, the lateral malleolus, distal fibula, or medial malleolus usually fractures before the syndesmosis ligaments rupture

The knee is a hinge joint which gives the legs mobility. The muscles and ligaments of this joint allows flexion and extension of the leg. “Because the knee supports the majority of the body weight, it is at risk of overuse and traumatic injuries” (France). The knee is composed of 3 major bones; the femur, tibia, and the fibula. The femur is the biggest bone in the human body, the inferior end flares out into two rounded landmarks called femoral condyles. Their name comes from the side of the body they are on, which is where we get Lateral Femoral Condyle and Media Femoral Condyle. Superiorly to these condlyes are the medial and lateral femoral epicondyles. The bones inferior to the femur are the Tibia and Fibula. The superior end of the Tibia flares out into slightly concave structures called the Tibial Plateaus. A crescent wedge shape of cartilage sits in each plateau. These are the Medial Meniscus and the Lateral Meniscus. This cartilage acts as a shock absorber and distributes forces. “The menisci are bathed by the synovial fluid of the knee” (France). The meniscus is what separates the each side of the Tibia and Femur and the transverse ligament connects each menisci. There is a circular bone on the

In this clip, it appears that Aaron Brooks from the Houston Rockets suffered aAnterior Talofibullar Ligament inversion sprain. Brooks' was attempting to shoot a half court shot in the final seconds of the first half of the basketball game. Upon Brooks' returning from the air, re-establishing contacts with the ground, Brooks' left foot landed in planter flexion position on the anterior portion of the San Antonio Spurs player's right foot. His left ankle then went in to an inversion position, which subsequently led to him spraining his ankle. Upon Brooks' foot being planted on the San Antonio Spur's player's foot, is when the inversion sprain occurred.

The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. The fibula is only involved to the extent that it serves as an attachment site for connective tissue. In this paper, the anatomy of the joint will be discussed.

Active Range of Motion of the ankle and foot complex includes dorsi flexion and plantar flexion at the talocrural joint as well as inversion and eversion at the talocalcaneal joint. It can also include assessment of toe extension, flexion, abduction and adduction. When assessing the ankle joint for inversion it includes the combine motions of plantar flexion, supination and adduction. Eversion includes the combine motions of dorsi flexion, pronation and abduction.

In order to go en pointe, the hallux must remain strong and straight. The extensor hallucis brevis and flexor hallucis brevis must stay firm en pointe and show extraordinary control during the plié. Any sign of weakness through relevé in those phalanx bones can cause the whole system above it to collapse. Just above at the ankle, the junction must be able to perform dorsal flexion for a strong plié that will allow the body to keep turning. Higher up, the quadriceps femoris muscles provide the strength to perform continuous grands ronds des jambes en l’airs. A developpé devant is held up only with the flexion of this muscle. As the leg carries to à la secondé, followed by a sturdy passé, the quadricep holds strong. This allows the body to turn

The ankle joint is the most commonly injured part of the lower leg. It happens from an unusual twisting action