Annotated Bibliography On Cognitive Psychology

Pennington, D., McLoughlin, J. (2003) ' Debates in Psychology’ in (ed) Advanced Psychology. Child Development, Perspectives & Methods. United Kingdom: Hodder Education Group, pp.232.

This source was written by Madelijn Strick, Rob W. Holland, Rick Van Baaren, and Ad Van Knippenberg. Madelijn Strick is a psychologist at Utrecht University and has a PhD in social psychology. She works at Radboud University teaching social influences and consumer behavior. Her main interest is in human emotions and decision making. She was awarded “best dissertation award” of the Dutch Association of Social Psychology. She and along with the other authors are trying to figure out how people make personal decisions. This shows her credibility for writing this article. Rob W. Holland also has a PhD from Radboud University and is a professor in Nijmegen. He was also awarded the “best dissertation award” for his research on the influence of attitudes and behaviors as a function of motivational orientation.

Language consists of many layers used by individuals to explain what people perceive about their interaction with life. Expressing the thoughts in mind is displayed through body language, sign language, and spoken words. The Introduction to Psychology 101 continually helps me to better understand human behavior with knowledge and educated facts and not just my ignorant opinion.

The social cognitive theory is used in different areas to include education, communication, and psychology. The theory pinpoints that individuals obtain the understanding from social interactions and how they experience certain things (Bandura, Davidson, and Davidson, 2003). Cognitive comprehension focuses on a personal understanding of social interactions and the experience; however, this whole process focuses on how the individual and the text work together. Either way to better understand this is to simply apply the necessary knowledge and foresight and experience to include interactions into this paper to give it a great way of insight into comprehension and social cognitive theory.

Brack argues that Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Psychology can be implemented into our psychological studies and allow for a new insight on clinical processes, emotions, and understandings of human behavior. They allow for an outside, potentially more logical explanation as to why things are happening, and possible insight into what issues may be persisting. Programs known as Artificial Life programs, which are programs that adapt and simulate a person or life itself. They also use Artificial Intelligence to simulate groups, either on the large or small scale. These simulated groups are created by a program named LIFE3000, and can be used to study human interaction and how we react to different things. For example, they had a group

Bandura’s (1977) Social Cognitive Theory provides an explanation to the crucial peer relationship. The theory examines the relationship between person, environment (watching others) and behaviour. Bandura suggested that these are all influenced by the individual’s self-efficacy. According to social cognitive theory, children and adolescents tend to avoid behaviours that they believe will be punished and, instead, engage in behaviours that they believe will be rewarded (Bandura, 1977). Peer support is seen as a way of reinforcing certain behaviours, for example, by giving praise and encouragement for attributes that may boost the individual’s self-efficacy. Schultz and Schultz (2015) emphasised the importance of self-efficacy and suggested that

The advance in the cognitive reform of psychology began in the later years of the 1950’s and early years of 1960’s. By the year of 1970 the leading approach within psychology. There were several important and historical milestones in the development of Cognitive Psychology. Beginning with the year 1948, Norbert Wiener released a book, which brought out new phrases. Another historical moment, which occurred in 1948, was the work, which was done on cognitive maps researched by Tolman. This further research and work assisted in the development of cognitive psychology. The birth year of cognitive psychology is said to have been in 1956 when George Miller published a book, “The Magical Number 7 Plus or Minus 2.” In 1960 Miller also established the

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is one of the most frequently used and robust health behavior theories. The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development. Bandura's social learning theory proposed that learning can occur simply by observing the actions of others. His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. (Cherry, K. 2014)

While many areas of research have theoretical backgrounds founded in behavioral, biological, and developmental psychology, a leading theory has not been identified in the area of QOL (Graves, 2003). With that being said, social cognitive theory by Bandura has impacted the area of QOL, by influencing other theories such as Lent’s cognitive theory of well-being, and Tinto’s theory of retention. While there is not a exclusive theory linked to QOL, aspects of social cognitive theory by Bandura can be seen in the area of QOL.

The two models or theories I will be looking at for the cognitive process of Memory are the Multi Store Memory Model and the Reconstructive Memory theory. I will be discussing the strengths and limitations of the model and the theory as well as including a few research studies to support my argument.

determines how many animal die, and refinement determines if they are dying without pain, so refinement is more like a related effort and a fixation of existing problems: letting animals die in a different way after you sentence them to death does not change much. The reduction is more closely allied with refinement, assuming animals’ death. On the contrary, the replacement is the ultimate solution.

Describe the ways in which philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence have contributed to the development of cognitive psychology.

Catherine Rhode looked out the window of her studio apartment in New York City. It was dead silent and the only thing keeping her company were her thoughts. She was looking at a picture of her and her family, before she had run away. She could remember that night like it was yesterday. She was only 16. She had been in a serious argument with her family for a few hours about her and her future. Everyone in her family wanted her to be a doctor, to help save lives. No one had supported her decision to study the human brain, and psychology. So, that night, she packed a large backpack, and left when no one was awake.

Gary Hatfield in his article “Psychology, Philosophy and Cognitive Science: Reflections on The History and Philosophy of Experimental Psychology ’’ published in journal of Mind and Language on 3rd June 2002 volume number 17 by Blackwell Publishers focuses on critically examining the views that psychology came into existence in 1879 and how finally it became scientific through the influence of logical empiricism. The article puts forward evidence to justify that there was a conspiracy among the early psychologists where few thought that psychology became scientific by freeing itself from philosophy when the laboratory was setup by Wundt and some regard the emergence of behaviorism and positivism to call psychology as a science. The author considers some milestones and key themes in the history and philosophy of the experimental psychology and of perception and

Cognitive psychology is the study of how we think. It studies how we learn, forget, memorize, and make decisions. Cognitive psychology studies how an individuals mind works and why they choose to do what they choose. Why they chose to go left instead of right or why they chose option A verses option B. Because of the nature v nurture theory therapists or psychologists try to understand why a person chooses to do what they do. Is it because of this branch in psychology that helps us understand the individuals mind more in depth.