Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem that must be addressed on a clinical, economical, and research level. According to the antimicrobial resistance AMR, by 2050 “10 million more people would be expected to die every year than would be the case if resistance was kept to today’s level”. Due to over exposure do antibiotics bacterial pathogens have developed both defenses and offenses against antibiotics. These mechanisms provide bacteria to survive antibiotic level that human bodies cannot tolerate. In order to combat this problem two main avenues exist. The first option is big pharmaceutical companies and startup biotechnology companies, backed by venture capitalism, can develop new antibiotics. This process however is not profitable …show more content…
Then second, one must test new developed antimicrobials for application on surfaces and working to develop treatments plans that allow physicians to utilize anticipates to their fullest.
My initial research project and first research project began in June of 2016 which looks at how to improve the lives of cystic fibrous (CF) patients and discover novel resistant mechanisms by better understanding the resistance profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria within CF lungs. This investigation began with building antibiotic resistance profiles, both phenotypically and genetically, for each of the 52 strains in the clinical library in the Lutter Lab. I began by cataloging 750+ strains of bacteria that had been isolated for CF patient sputa. I then pulled out all of the 52 P. aeruginosa strains and preform disc diffusion assays (Kirby Bauer Test) on a variety of clinically relative antibiotics. These tests gave me the basic antibiotic resistant profiles for the strains. I then preform PCR testing for the presence of eight prominent antibiotic resistance genes that could be responsible for the resistance. Once the genetic profile was complete I looked the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic tested. This allowed me to determine the severity of resistance, which allows postulation on time of resistance acquisition and type of resistance mechanism. The final test preform was a qualitative mucous producing test. By streaking all of the
With all of our modern advances, it seems somewhat strange that chronic health problems have become so commonplace. When antibiotics were discovered, they predicted the end of disease. Instead, we now have a world full of frightening antibiotic resistant infections.
In the past tense 60 years, antibiotic drugs have been critical to the fight against infectious disease caused by bacteria and other microbe. Antimicrobial chemotherapy has been a lead cause for the dramatic rise of norm life expectancy in the Twentieth Century. 1 However, disease-causing bug that have become resistant to antibiotic drug therapy are an increasing public health trouble. “Wound contagion, tuberculosis, pneumonia, gonorrhea, childhood ear infections, and septicemia are just a few of the diseases that have become hard to treat with antibiotics.” 2 One part of the job is that bacteria and other germ that cause infections are remarkably resilient and have developed several ways to resist antibiotics and other antimicrobial drug. 3 Another part of the problem is due to increasing use, and abuse, of existing
Dr. Martin Blaser, author of Missing Microbes: How the Overuse of Antibiotics is Fueling Our Modern Plagues, paints antibiotics as a negative force in the world that causes disease. Dr. Blaser has studied the role of bacteria in human disease for more than thirty years at Vanderbilt University, and has experience as the director of the Human Microbiome Project at New York University. He also works with the National Institute of Health on infectious diseases. Meanwhile, Dr. David Shlaes, author of Antibiotics: The Perfect Storm, focuses on the drugs’ ability to cure disease. Dr. Shlaes has worked for 30 years in anti-infective academia, industry, and consulting. He served as Professor of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University for five years, and then moved to industry, where he became vice president of Infectious Diseases at Wyeth Research. Later, he took a position as executive vice president of research and development at Idenix Pharmaceuticals in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and formed his own consulting company. He now works predominantly with biotech companies and venture capital firms in their evaluation of anti-infective companies. While they take different approaches, the two doctors concur that antibiotic resistance is a major problem and that society needs to find ways to slow it down. One way to slow down the spread of resistant bacteria is finding ways to ensure
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria changes and reduces the effectiveness of an antibiotic. Using the wrong antibiotic for disease-causing bacteria can end in an overuse of that antibiotic and promotes antibiotic-resistance. Information gathered by the Bash the Bug Project can be used to find the correct antibiotic to fight certain disease-causing bacteria. Therefore, limiting bacteria’s opportunity to develop antibiotic-resistance. This is important to the general public because antibiotic-resistant bacterium is more difficult to kill, requires a more expensive treatment, and is given more of an opportunity to spread. While antibiotic resistance cannot be completely stopped, prescribing the correct antibiotic can greatly slow the spread of antibiotic resistance infections. The Bash the Bug project will then allow more time for newer drugs that can fight antibiotic resistant bacteria that are already in
According to previous, excessive use of antibiotics is one of the causes of drug resistance in different pathogens, this concern has caused many hospitals around the world develop guidelines and strategies to use appropriate antibiotics and are committed themselves to
I certainly remember sitting in high school biology class and reaching the point in the year when microbial and bacterial genetics and replication is covered. That topic was always capped with the unfortunate fact that a unnerving amount of diseases, whether they be bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and on the rare occasion, viral, are becoming resistant to the commonplace pharmaceuticals used to remedy them. Disease such as tuberculosis, MRSA, gonorrhea, and CDIFF, that have proven to be fatal, have a new trick up their molecular sleeve to further bring harm to patients everywhere. They have grown resistant to their typical medicines – usually antibiotics – making the disease harder to get treat, get rid of, and prevent from spreading.
Common illnesses like bacterial pneumonia, post-operative infections, certain cancers, as well as the world’s biggest infectious killers – tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria – are increasingly difficult to treat because of the emergence and spread of drug resistance.1 Worsening antimicrobial resistance could have serious public health, economic and social implications around the world. The World Bank has warned that antimicrobial resistance could cause as much damage to the global economy as the 2008 financial crisis.2
If a person gets infection diseases, he or she needs treatment quick by a doctor or a pharmacist. Antibiotics have been created to treat infection diseases for the last seventy years. Drugs medicines have been reduced illness and death since the 1940s.
Throughout history disease has run rampant taking many lives with every passing day. Finding a cure or even just a tool in the battle has been the main focus of scientist throughout time. This focus is what brought us the discovery of antibiotics. Over the years antibiotics have been misused by patients, over prescribed by physicians and have led to resistant strains of bacteria.
The implications for practice include the need to refer to multiple resources and compare information about antibiotic resistance. It also indicates that different antibiotics may need to be used across the varying clinical settings and between facilities. These factors should all be considered to reduce the risk of treatment failure and to minimise subsequent development of antibiotic resistance.
With antibiotic resistance escalating, it is clear that there needs to be more of an emphasis on the development and testing of new treatments to combat resistance. However, the argument over whether or not antibiotic development should be promoted or squashed remains in the healthcare community.
Antibiotic resistance has evolved as a result of the interactions between bacteria and antibiotic after an antibiotic exposure. Bacterial species are capable of adapting to new antibiotic as simply as they adapt to new environments due to their amazing genomic plasticity. This in turn results antibiotic resistance to be very dynamic and unpredictable. “Every year, almost 100,000 Americans die from antibiotic-resistant infections acquired from hospitals, largely because of the reduced effectiveness of existing drugs, due to the development and propagation of drug resistance
The evolution of resistance is clearly driven by the irrational use of antibiotics which threatens the
The development of antibiotic resistant strains are on the rise especially in developing countries and are creating a crisis in the effective treatment of infections.1,5
According the World Health Organization (WHO), antibiotic resistance is one of the world’s greatest health threats to date (Haddox, 2013). In the article, The Health Threat of Antibiotic Resistance, Gail Haddox (2013) discusses the danger antibiotic resistance poses in today’s society and strategies to prevent the expansion of antibiotic resistance. In Europe alone, an estimated 25,000 deaths have been attributed to multi-resistant infections (Haddox, 2013). Common infections are now harder to treat due to the increased resistance to antibiotics across the world, in fact some are becoming untreatable. Antibiotics should be treated like oil, a non-renewable resource (Haddox, 2013).