CONTENT
NO TOPIC PAGE
1. Introduction 2
2. Technology’s Application
• Where It Works
• How Use It
• Who Use It 3
3. Data Communication Concepts
• Bandwidth
• Security 5
4. Technology Capabilities
• Performance 5
5. Example Of Technology In Market 6
6. Advantages and disadvantages 7
7. Conclusion 8
8. Reference 8
9. Report 9
INFRARED DATA ASSOCIATION (IrDA)
1. INTRODUCTION
Infrared Data Association (IrDA) founded on 1993. IrDA is utilized for high speed short range, line of sight, point-to-point cordless data transfer via infrared light waves. IrDA is the radio transmission of light ray infrared measured in Terahertz or Trillions of Hertz (cycles per seconds) is modulated with information send from
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In practice, there are some devices on market do not reach devices may reach up to several meter. The normal spot for IrDA communications is from 5cm to 60cm away from transceiver
Figure 2.0 Example IrDA transaction
Who use it ?
• Professionals scan business card from PDA to cell phone.
• Children wirelessly exchange games during break time
• Shoppers make purchases at grocery by pointing the handheld to the bar code items.
• Use on remote TV to change channel, turn on & off TV
• Teenager to share image or music.
• Cashier and buyers to scan bar code item.
• Business to transmitted document using fax
• Buyer paid using credit card.
3. DATA COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS
• Bandwidth
-the maximum projected bandwidth is 16 megabits per second.
• Security
-IrDA technology is a secure. Data being transmitted via infrared it’s very difficult to intercept or hack because it directional sent to who people you want. Data is safe because it cannot through wall or objects. Besides that data only can transmitted in short range.
4. THE TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITIES
• Error rate: Infrared radio frequencies can’t pass through the walls, this technologies cannot be used at obstacle place. Should be used in same room and maintain line of sight. The transmitter of one infrared enable device visible to receiver of another infrared enable device.
• Availability: use for longer interconnection and possibility for
Infrared imaging is also used for military uses. This includes target acquisition, surveillance, night vision, homing and tracking (Infrared). This technology allows missiles and rockets to follow a target by tracking its heat. Night vision goggles and surveillance is used just as with the thermal imaging to detect things that give off heat and show them in a way that allows the human eye to see things that it normally could not.
How? They use a shoebox-sized device called a StingRay. This device (also called an IMSI catcher)
The conference center has concrete walls that interfere with the RF signals in the large conference room. Bathroom 1 bathroom receives a strong signal but bathroom 2 receives a weak signal due to the concrete wall between the
reach longer ranges. Through gateway devices, it is possible to connect the wearable devices on
The fig.3 and 4 above is a simulated result showing the red is return loss (S11) and blue is insertion loss (S21) obtained for model. Figure 4 shows the reflection and transmission factor measured for the range 1 GHz to 4GHz. This result gives that the bandpass characteristics are valid for a wide range of EM spectrum for communication. In order to get detailed characteristics in the neighborhood of 2.45 GHz, Figure 4 gives more information needed to the measurement results. With the 3 dB boundary, we get about 260 MHz bandwidth, and insertion loss of -4.3 dB, with parametric dimension as given in Table.1.
Solution: Extremely secure channel should be setup between the devices which must have secure shell for the private network. Some NFC enabled devices have capability to listen to the RF signals on the NFC network. When an attacker attacks through a RF device, the differences in RF signals are detected by the NFC transmitter and it stops data transmission (Haselsteine and Breitfuß).
Three IR sensors were used for the Redbot and two were used for the final project.
Raydar Electronics was a Manhattan based company and rated among top five makers and integrators of RFID tags and readers in United States.
The system operates in the VHF band of 30 to 88 MHz, segmented into 2320 25 kHz channels. SINCGARS radios are also able to operate in a frequency hopping mode, with a rate of 111 hops per second along its 58 MHz bandwidth, and holding all other factors constant, this gives a static OODA loop operational tempo of 9 ms. The typical radio has a worst-case sensitivity of -110 dBm, as given by the manufacturer, with a typical value of -116 to -120 dBm. Adjacent channel isolation is 45 dB, so interference will be ignored in the analysis
“More teenagers and young adults die from suicide than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia, influenza, and chronic lung disease, COMBINED” (“Youth Suicide Statistics”). One of the leading causes of suicide is Clinical Depression. However, clinical depression is rather hard to track because it is under reported in most people. Many with this disease do not feel the need to seek help, even though it could be the difference in life and death. This disease comes in many shapes and forms. In fact, it effects no two people the same. Genetics, life events, and childhood problems are three of the main causes of Clinical Depression (Goldberg).
RFID, or radio frequency identification, is the new system that is replacing the use of barcodes. RFID tags allow users to more quickly obtain information from the object that the RFID tag
Enclosure is the process of enclosing pieces of land by the use of stone walls, tall shrubs
The start of this term brought several areas to mind that could use improvement for me. It took me some time to decide exactly what I wanted to really concentrate on for the next 12 weeks or so. I decided that by tackling my own health would give me the most benefit for both the short and the long term. I didn't set out with a scale and graph paper to track my weight as I knew that my health encompassed a much broader spectrum and wanted to achieve an all around reward. I began looking at small changes that I could make easily. Changes that came easily to me were incorporating more protein into my diet and cutting back on the carbohydrates by eating protein bars, tuna, eggs, or yogurt for breakfast instead of a bagel or muffin. I keep raw, unsalted almonds in my drawer at work to snack on, and have replaced my afternoon Pepsi with water. These changes were small and didn't require a full scale re-do on my diet. The other change I decided to make was to incorporate more exercise into my daily routine.
As a result of less power loss toward unwanted directions, the multipath and interference effects are reduced. Using wideband circularly
RECEIVER SECTION:- This section is worked as a Flip-flop (Bistable). IC-3 is decade counter, its Pin No.14 is input and Pin No. 2 output. The output of frequency detector stage is used, via a flip-flop, to switch ‘ON’ or switch ‘OFF’ a LED alternately. The receiver uses infrared modules IR-signal from the transmitter is sensed by the sensor through and its output PIN 1 goes low and switched LED. IC-3 is worked on clock pulse which receives to infrared modules at Pin No. 14. Its output at Pin No 2 throughes high.