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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a syndrome identified by enduring over-activity; impulsivity; and struggles in maintaining attention (Carr see refs). ADHD is a lifelong disorder which is thought to occur in 5-10% of children (nhmrc). Research and treatment of this disorder is of great importance, as children who suffer from ADHD tend to have far reaching problems in areas of academic attainment; peer relationships; self-esteem; and family unrest due to behavioural difficulties. In other words, the consequences of ADHD, when untreated, can adversely affect all major areas of a child 's life. ADHD is also known to be frequently comorbid with conduct disorders; mood disorders; and later in life with substance abuse and criminality. The costs of this disorder to the individual and society are great. This essay will explore aetiological theories; assessment procedures; and finally recommended treatments for children with ADHD. I hope to provide a reasonably comprehensive but succinct picture of the current understandings of these aspects of ADHD. Aetiology Like most psychological disorders, no single aetiology is widely considered the cause of ADHD. There are a number of theories regarding the aetiology of ADHD. These will be discussed with reference to supporting empirical evidence. It is beyond the scope of this paper to describe every aetiological theory from these sources in detail, so here I will describe the most prominent theories. Genetics In support

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