Bacterial Infection Paper

1) Bacteria is a organism that is present in most habitats, as well as human bodies and other living organisms such as plants and animals. Bacteria multiplies by its self to progress and spread. Unlike other infections such as viruses, fungi or parasites bacteria is not always harmful in fact in many cases bacteria can be useful to the living organisms,habitats or plants that it infects.

Bacterial and fungi infections are easy to cure with the use of antibiotics, where as viruses can be hard to cure or vaccinate against, such as the common cold. Bacteria can be found everywhere and anywhere Soil, Water, Plants, Animals, material and even deep in the earth's crust. Bacteria feed themselves by making there food with the use of sunlight and water. We would not be able to live without Bacteria. The human body consists of lots of friendly bacteria which also protect us from dangerous ones by occupying places in the body. Some of the most deadly diseases and devastating epidemics in human history have

Every year a familiar scene plays out in clinic waiting rooms, chairs filled with miserable patients waiting to see their physician with complaints of a never ending cough and a constant nasal drip. More than likely, these patients will receive a prescription for antibiotics, but should they? Most acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), do not require an antibiotic, the symptoms will resolve themselves over time without antibiotic treatment. Healthcare experts and scientists have warned the public about the dangers of overusing antibiotics, and there are thousands of studies to support that fact, but no one is listening. Patients are convinced they need to have antibiotic treatment, and somehow their time is wasted if they leave empty

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections patients can acquire in a healthcare facility while being given medical care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) website notes six major sites of infection that patients are at risk of acquiring while receiving care in acute care hospitals in the United States: pneumonia, gastrointestinal illness, urinary tract infections, primary bloodstream infections, surgical site infections from any inpatient surgery, and other types of infections. Their website recounts that as early as 1847 evidence is documented of persons acquiring infections while receiving care in a hospital. The website for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service’s Agency for Healthcare Research

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), including acute otitis media (AOM) are the most common cause of ambulatory physician visits and antimicrobial prescriptions in children1,2. The most common bacterial causes of URTI are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, though the majority of cases are caused by viral pathogens 3–10. Distinguishing between viral and bacterial URTI can be difficult. Reports on quality of antimicrobial prescriptions have shown a 30-50% of all out-patient prescriptions due to (upper) respiratory tract infections to be inappropriate2,10,11. In Europe the quality of prescription is higher in the north of the continent, including Iceland compared to in the south12. Conversely, many factors contribute to the overuse of antimicrobials2,13–15, which in turn results to increase in antimicrobial resistance16,17. Contributing factors cited by by physicians to cause over-prescription include uncertainty of diagnosis, fear of disease complications, lack of perception of harmful effects of antimicrobials, not perceiving their own prescription practices to be a problem, pressure by patients, limited time, fear of damaging doctor-patient relationship in addition to language, cultural and educational barriers2,13–15. Antimicrobials were long a mainstay treatment against AOM in fear of rare, but dangerous complications, which have later been found to be unfounded, asnd

The online article discusses the spread of diseases amongst students in close quarters with relation to a recent study on staph infections. General demographics give examples of how a disease such as staph can spread between students rapidly in their limited environment. A specific study on staph resistant to medicine references statistical data that implies real-life scenarios. Powers elaborates on the idea that staph infections on campuses are not a major concern, but a concern nonetheless as long as students live in a communal setting. The author implies at the end of the article that the most precedent concern with staph infections lay in better upkeep of hygiene facilities used by students as students in these environments are completely

There are many different childhood diseases out there. Each one of these affects the child in a different way. However some of these diseases occur more often than others. So when narrowing down which topic to write about for this pediatric paper I decided to write about one that is more common and more than likely not very well known, despite being common. So it is for that reason that I chose to write about pertussis.

Clostridium difficile a gram positive bacteria that is part of human (adult) gut microbiota and that could act as an opportunistic pathogen under certain circumstances such as, some antibiotic therapy and changes in the “normal” gut microbiota. Through this events an opportunistic behavior is activated leading to an infection and its characteristic pathology pseudomembranous colitis, other symptom that is present in some cases of clostridial infection and it hasn't been well documented is neuro degeneration due to C. difficile neurotoxins production. The effects of this toxins in the nervous system and in the development of the pathology is not well characterized. In order to understand not only the development of the pathology but also the role and

Microbes are everywhere and anywhere. Microbes can be found from on surfaces of our daily lives to microbes we encounter and spread on. Microbes have been always since life started in this planet. According to a BBC article about Earth, “…an older microbe came to light…to be a remarkable 3.5 million years” (BBC). As stated, microbes may be considered to have been here long before any other living organism, which means these microbes have evolved through time as well. With evolving comes the different types of bacteria that may benefit us and also harm us. Harmful bacteria such as Lyme disease and the Plague which both derive from an infected insect with different bacterium. These two different disease made different approaches to our history

Postsurgical infection treatment cost negatively impact hospital’s finance and creates a financial burden on the hospital. The financial burden of surgery is increased due to the direct costs incurred by the prolonged hospitalization of the patient, diagnostic tests, and treatment. “Infections related to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are some of the most serious infections that require additional costs $40,000 to $50,000” (CABG Infections …, CMS Pay 2008). According to, Contemporary…, this serious and costly errors in the care delivery should never happen. Furthermore, “Hospitals can be penalized up to 1% initially of an organization’s baseline annual Medicare reimbursement” (Cherry, Jacob, 2017, p.392) for performing poor patient

Several descriptive, bivariate, and multiple statistical methods were applied to study the association of BV with CT or NG infection in the study population. Descriptive tables were generate to show the frequency and percentage of cases and controls for each study variable. For categorical variables, cases and controls were compared using the Mantel-Haenszel-Cochran chi-square test, a repeated test of independence (Mantel and Haenszel, 1959). Crude (unadjusted) and adjusted matched odds ratios (O-R) were calculated to quantify the statistical association between BV and CT or NG infection. OR also called the cross-product ratio is the ratio of two odds (Szumilas, 2010). An OR of one indicates that the odds of exposure (BV) is similar in

A problem identified in my clinical experience at the Veterans Administration Medical Center was improper infection control measures when a patient was on isolation precautions. HAIs are something that can be prevented but are still very prevalent today. They increase rates of increase hospital stays, cost, readmission, morbidity, and death. The Center for Disease Control notes, “HAIs affect 5 to 10 percent of hospitalized patients in the U.S. per year. Approximately 1.7 million HAIs occur in U.S. hospitals each year, resulting in 99,000 deaths and an estimated $20 billion in healthcare costs.” (CDC, 2015) HAIs can come from cross contamination from healthcare workers to the patients, patients to other patient’s, family members to patients,

The Common Cold or Upper Respiratory Infection is as new to man, as is sickness itself. Most Americans at one point or another have come in contact with the Common Cold or have had a Respiratory Infection. Often, the Common Cold or Upper Respiratory Infection occurs during flu or winter season and is transmitted by contact or non-contact. Like other illnesses, this disease can be life threatening if not treated properly and can lead to other serious illness, including death. This disease is often thought of as not being serious; however, it poses a serious threats to all ages. The Common Cold is an infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, and is caused by a rhinovirus. At the current time, there is no cure for the common cold,

As we understand that P.S has history of recurrent UTI, this is one of the risk factors for UTI in female. Recurrent infections should prompt the clinicians to repeat the urine culture and sensitivity each time patient has symptoms (Uphold & Graham, 2013) and this was ordered for her. Reinfection may be due to:

The newest studies that have been done by the World Health Organization, show that the 3rd highest deadly diseases for humans in 2015, are Lower Respiratory Infections, which effect 3.17 million people world wide. Tuberculosis is one of the leading diseases that is categorized as a Lower Respiratory Infection. The number of deaths caused by this kind of infection has only changed slightly from 2000-2015, on a global scale.