Causes and Spread of Infections Essay

contaminated water or food
17. For each pathway listed in question #16, explain the relationship of the mode of transmission to the virulence of the invader.

Bacterial and fungi infections are easy to cure with the use of antibiotics, where as viruses can be hard to cure or vaccinate against, such as the common cold. Bacteria can be found everywhere and anywhere Soil, Water, Plants, Animals, material and even deep in the earth's crust. Bacteria feed themselves by making there food with the use of sunlight and water. We would not be able to live without Bacteria. The human body consists of lots of friendly bacteria which also protect us from dangerous ones by occupying places in the body. Some of the most deadly diseases and devastating epidemics in human history have

Bloodborne pathogens are viruses that deteriorate cells within the body. A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic organism that feeds on cells. Viruses are dependent on cells for their nutrients so the virus survive and reproduce. Every virus consists of

7- what term refer to allowing food to remain for too ong a time in a temperature that allows the growth of germs

The conditions needed for the growth of micro-organisms are: Micro - organisms need food to survive. They like high protein food to survive, eg. Poultry & fish. Most micro - organisms need warmth & grow best at 20-40c. They need moisture to multiply. They need air to multiply, though some can without. A single Micro-organism becomes two every twenty minutes.

Most micro-organisms need most of the things you and I need to flourish and grow - moisture, warmth and a source of nutrition - some (usually the most dangerous such as those responsible for some types of gangrene) can do without oxygen (anaerobic bacteria). They need a mode of spread (usually the unwashed or poorly washed hands of people or badly cleaned equipment/facilities or badly stored food) and a vulnerable person to invade.

Bacteria - are micro-organisms that consist of only one cell. Bacteria multiply by splitting themselves in two, which is called a binary fission. Because of this they can increase in number rapidly. The majority are harmless, but some can be pathogenic which results in bacterial infection occuring. Bacterial infections can be treated by using antibiotics. Bacteria can evolve a resistance to antibiotic e.g. MRSA. Some diseases caused by bacteria include tuberculosis, pneumonia, salmonella, tetanus and syphilis.

this means that is the optimal temperature, but in bacterial occur in less time than in fungal

Prokaryotes are ubiquitous, successfully adapting to diverse environments as well as developing symbiotic relationships with host organisms (Lengeler, Drews, & Schlegel, 1999). Prokaryotes may have both autotrophic and heterotrophic characteristics. A cyanobacteria is photosynthetic, commonly called blue-green algae, and may produce toxins (Crayton, 1993). Bacteria are most commonly associated in the general

Finally there is the Hyperthermophiles. Found in very hot temperatures such as hydrothermal vents in deep oceans. With this said, the two microorganisms that I worked with would be known as Mesophiles. Both of these microorganisms grow on or in the human body. They prefer moist heat that is body temperature. I made an incubation box to help mimic the temperatures needed. Typically trying to maintain the temperature of thirty seven degrees Celsius.

These organisms use several adaptations in order to survive high temperatures. They are prokaryotes, which more easily adapt to extreme temperatures than eukaryotes. They use salts such as potassium and magnesium to protect their DNA from degradation, and they generate special polyamines that help to protect the proteins in their DNA from being degraded in high temperatures. One adaptation that thermophilic archaea have that helps them to survive high temperatures is ether bonds in their cell membranes, which are more stable than bonds found in many other

Hypersaline environments constitute typical examples of environments with extreme conditions due to their high salinity, exposure to high and low temperatures, low oxygen conditions and in some cases, high pH values. Bacteria and Archaea are the most widely distributed organisms in these

While thermal vents and hot springs are considered to be some of the most extreme environments on Earth, several organisms are able to thrive in these hostile locations where most life would perish. Among these are thermophiles and hyperthermophiles. While the two share similar adaptations to survive in these extremes, they differ in their temperature growth optimum. Hyperthermophiles can grow optimally up to 105°C, whereas thermophiles are classified as growing between 50°C and 70°C. At such extreme temperatures, proteins lacking the necessary adaptations undergo irreversible unfolding, exposing the hydrophobic cores, which causes aggregation . Thermophilic proteins have several adaptations that give the protein the ability

These are gram positive bacteria which are found in acidic condition of pH 4 to 4.5 – acidophilic.

The effect of environmental factors such as temperature, osmotic pressure, oxygen concentration and pH on microbial growth and survival