Bronchiolitis Case Study

As stated on the clinical assessment, Sam has recorded a temperature of 37.8oC, “body temperature averages 37C +/- 0.5C and with a range of 35.8-38.2C” as published in (Marieb & Hoehn, 2011, p950), so I would assess Sam’s temperature as initially a low grade fever. As the majority of fevers in hospitals are due to infections (Marshall, 1993, p208). Low-grade fevers can occasionally accompany serious medical conditions with symptoms such as Sam’s difficulty breathing, confusion, decreased levels of consciousness and rapid heart rate. http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/low-grade-fever

Bronchiectasis is a lung condition which may create breathing problems that produce dramatic effects on how you function on a day to day basis. It causes the airways that bring air both to and from the lungs to widen and become flimsy, slowing the ability of the airway to clear away mucus. After enough time, this will prevent the airways to moving air in and out of the lungs.

Many individuals experience the ill effects of various types of lung maladies or disorder which are not effectively cured, but rather bring serious and unpleasant issues. Some of the most regular states of this sort are asthma, bronchitis, and different sorts of cough.

While these are two distinct conditions, clinically they are often overlapping. Symptoms include fever, hoarseness, a seal-like barking cough, and acute stridor. Stridor occurs from narrowing of the larynx and the trachea and is audible on inspiration, signifying an upper respiratory obstruction versus expiratory stridor which indicates a lower airway obstruction. More severe cases will have both inspiratory and expiratory stridor, signifying respiratory distress. Other signs include retractions, lethargy, agitation, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotonia, hypoxia, and cyanosis. If these signs are present, the patient may need to be intubated. It is also important to assess the severity of the croup utilizing the Westley croup score which helps evaluate level of consciousness, cyanosis, stridor, air entry, and retractions. Mild croup with a score ≤ 2 indicates a barking cough and hoarse cry with no stridor at rest. Moderate is a score of 3-7 signifying stridor, mild retractions, other respiratory distress signs, but little or no agitation. Severe croup is a score ≥ 8, signifying significant stridor, retractions, decreased air entry, agitation, and fatigue. Impending respiratory failure is a score ≥ 12 with signs of fatigue, retractions, decreased breath sounds and consciousness, tachycardia, and

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchioles secondary to possible infection. The inflammation produces mucus production and shortness of breath. As the victim coughs the body not only attempts to clear the airways, but can cause irritation to the already inflamed bronchioles causing a blood tinged sputum production and chest discomfort in which the patient is positive for. Patient is negative however for associated symptoms such as fever and chills. Bronchitis comes on quickly over the course of 2-3 weeks and can be ruled out with further testing. (Dunphy & Winland-Brown,

This paper aims to explore the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology and the treatment of Bronchiectasis. This disease continues to affect various conditions that tend to affect and even cause damage to the lungs. For this paper, we will also present a variety of research studies, which will show statistics of this condition, and how it is being treated to reduce its effects among patients.

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term disease that keeps coming back or never goes away completely, it stay in the patient airway and lungs for at least for 3 months a year, at least 2 years a row. Chronic bronchitis is a obstructive disease that is happens when the lining of the bronchial tubes are irritated that may produces too much mucus. Repeatedly breathing in the things that irritate and damage lung and airway tissues causes chronic bronchitis. Smoking is the main cause of chronic bronchitis and there are some symptom that people are not aware of. “Smoker’s cough” one of the term use to patient who has chronic bronchitis. Blue bloater are one of the symptoms and characteristic of having chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis can lead to

Episodes of jerky movements that cannot be controlled (seizures). Seizures that come with a fever are called febrile seizures.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition of the airways in which the lungs become ineffective at clearing out mucus. Oftentimes, the condition is brought on by another disease or infection that cause the airways to weaken, widen, or become flabby and scarred. The presence of mucus inside the airways can result in the production of infectious bacteria and a possibly fatal infection (Sutton 257). Currently, a single or double lung transplant is the only way to cure bronchiectasis (BE for short), but transplants of major organs can cause many complications – sometimes creating even more problems than they solve – and transplants are not very easily obtainable (What Is…?). Though there is still no true cure for bronchiectasis, research has discovered new advances that aid in the therapy of the condition, including mucoactive, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial therapy, all of which contribute toward a more efficient and more easily procurable means of treatment.

Bronchiectasis has been described as a chronic respiratory disease characterised by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi, and presents typically with a chronic wet productive cough in children (Laennec, 1962; Coleman et al., 1995; Welch et al., 2015). This abnormality and progression of the disease cause the airway lining where small amounts of mucus are made to produce more mucus thus becoming a reservoir for microbes (Welch et al., 2015). Based on the morphological characteristics of bronchiectasis, it is understood that Karen will be more prone to recurrent chest infections when compared to a child without bronchiectasis. However, this analogy does not cut across children who have other respiratory related conditions such as cystic fibrosis, asthma amongst others.

Bronchitis: Bronchitis is when the bronchi are inflamed in the lungs. The tubes which provide air to the lungs, the bronchial tubes, are swollen. This results in more mucus and a bad cough.

Bronchiolitis obliterans is a disease that causes destruction and scarring of the small airways of the lungs. As the scarring and hardening of the lungs gets worse, it becomes harder to breathe.

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes tubes are responsible for carrying air to the lungs. Acute bronchitis last from one to three weeks. Chronic bronchitis goes at least three months. According to healthline, Both the common cold and influenza can lead to acute bronchitis. In rare cases, Bordetella Pertussis, which causes whooping cough can also cause acute bronchitis. (Healthline). The inflammation occurs as a result of of an airway infection or environmental trigger such as dust, pollution, fumes. Smoking irritates the bronchial tubes and causes them to produce excess mucus. According to webmd, every cigarette damage the cilia which are responsible for brushing out debris, irritants, and excess mucus. The more you smoke, the more you're increasing your chances of developing chronic bronchitis.

The major causes of bacterial bronchitis are Mycoplasma and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) with protracted bacteria bronchitis usually caused by the

Bronchospasm happens when airways that go into your lungs get smaller. During an episode it can be hard to breathe. You may cough. You may also make a whistling sound when you breathe (wheeze).