The Court of Appeal (CA) in MWB Business Exchange Centres Ltd (MWB) v Rock Advertising Ltd (Rock) settles an issue which there had been conflicting decisions previously by confirming that contracts which expressly prohibit oral amendments can be amended orally. However, it may also have created doubt on the effectiveness of anti- oral variation clauses.
This case between the Claimants, MWB, and the Defendant, Rock was held in the civil division of the CA on appeal from central London County Court. MWB operated managed office space in London and for 7 – 8 years prior, Rock occupied as license premises managed by MWB. In August 2011, Rock and MWB entered into a written agreement for larger premises to be occupied by Rock under license. Rock was unable to meet the financial commitment and by late February 2012, it had arrears of over £12,000. Rock claimed an oral agreement was made between MWB where Rock would pay less for a while and then more in order to clear the arrears. On the same day it paid £3,500 to MWB, being the first instalment due in accordance with the revised payment schedule. MWB disputed the oral agreement and exercised its right under the license agreement to lock Rock out of the premises. In the Central London County Court, MWB sued Rock for arrears, Rock in its defence, used the oral agreement and counterclaimed for losses incurred as a result of wrongful expulsion from the premises. HHJ Moloney held that the parties did make an oral agreement which
20) With regard to consideration in a sales contract, the UCC differs from the common law in that
Tiller Construction Corporation entered into two contracts with Nadler, the CEO of Glenmar, where Tiller would do “the work” for Nadler at Westridge for $637,000 and the other for Tiller to do “the work” for Nadler at Cranberry for $688,800. Nadler agreed to be personally liable to Tiller for the payment of both contracts. When the job was done, Nadler refused to pay the remaining balance of $229,799.46 for the Cranberry project and a remaining balance of $264,273.85 for the Westridge project. So Tiller sued Nadler for the amount owed, plus interest, costs, and attorney’s fees.
The Plaintiff is claiming $35 million from the State of NSW, which is purported to be vicariously liable for the Land and Environment Court and Pain J [1]. This claim includes nullifying Pain J’s judgment [14], and it is accompanied by Motions to uphold Lloyd J’s dismissal and refund the Plaintiff’s filing fees [2].
Your managing partner has handed you the Supreme Court of Queenslands’ decision in The Public Trustee of Queensland and Anor v Meyer and Ors [2010] QSC 291 and asked you to answer the following questions. You should assume you are answering questions for someone who has not read the case, so be sure to provide sufficient detail in your answers. You do not need to provide reference details for Part A of the assignment.
Margaret Sanger was a women’s rights and eugenics advocate who we all know now as who to thank for the creation of Planned Parenthood and the creation of oral contraceptives or better known as birth control pills. Sanger has been under much scrutiny her whole life and even after her death for various reasons. The majority were from the black communities accusing her of racial genocide for her efforts in giving contraceptive information to the African-Americans. They felt that by promoting these issues she was working in efforts to get rid of African-Americans and have whites be the superior race in America. But after a circumstantial amount of research and the reading of “The Case of Birth Control”, I have learned a lot about her and what she believed in.
1) Can you identify examples of decisions about each part of the marketing mix (product, place, promotion, and pricing) that are being made in the cookie program? The Product is Girl Scout cookies as well as the Girl Scouts themselves. Since 1912 Cookie sales have played a major role in supporting the Girl Scouts organization at the council and troop levels. Being able to target certain people can be tricky sometimes specially if you don’t know what you’re doing or what your target is. You have to be able to sell yourself as well as the product and who better to sell Girl Scout cookies then young girls. The Girl Scouts mainly target the middle and upper class
Lord Denning holds the opinion that “…it is a mistake to think that all contracts can be analyzed into the form of offer and acceptance…” He gives his support of the statement above and echoes these sentiments in the case of Butler v. Ex-Cell-O Corporation (England) Ltd (1979). He believes that the “…better way is to look at all the documents passing between the parties and glean from them or from the conduct of the
This document represents The i-Fusions Consultant’s Report on BRITA. The company’s current business situation is analysed and various options for action considered. The report aims to identify a clear marketing strategy for Brita in order to address the current issues facing the company the associated falling sales.
I was standing on the street corner in downtown Great Falls, Montana, waiting for the annual Big Sky Pride Parade to begin. All sorts of rainbow-clad people roamed up and down the street, happily enjoying the sunshine and positive atmosphere of the day.
Every woman wants diamonds because they are beautiful, rare, and are a symbol of success. There is something about diamonds that make every woman want one. Diamonds make a woman feel bold, sophisticated, and powerful. Something magazine recently published a diamond ad for A Diamond Is Forever.Com. A Diamond Is Forever . Com is a website that does not sell diamonds, but displays all the new styles of diamonds and how to purchase or create the perfect diamond for a customer. In this ad they are advertising a new style of diamond ring called the right hand ring. The advertisement is of a young, beautiful woman staring directly at you with a seductive look. On her right had she is wearing a
A Contract requires several elements in order to be considered enforceable. However for the purpose of this essay we would explore one of these elements in order to effectively understand the controversial cases of Williams v Roffey Brothers and Nicholls (contractors) Ltd (1990) and Stilk v Myrick (1804). Before going any further one should briefly understand the doctrine of Consideration. Despite the vast amount of content written, the doctrine of consideration is still to this day unclear due to the inconsistency of the courts and its application of necessary rules. Consideration refers to that which the law deems as valuable in that the promisor receives from the promise that which was promised. In other words, it is the exchange of something of value between the parties in a contract. One should be mindful that in English law, every promise may not be legally enforceable; it requires the court to distinguish between are enforceable and non-enforceable obligations. This brings us to the controversial cases of Stilk v Myrick and Williams v the Roffery brothers. Many argue that that the case of Williams was wrongly decided leading to impairments in the rule initially established in Stilk v Myrick. This essay seek to analyse and critique the cases of Stilk v Myrick and Williams v Roffey Brothers and also highlight whether or not the new rule of Practical benefit lead to serious impairments in later cases.
I will be analyzing two advertisements, stating how effective they are likely to be in achieving their purpose and in selling a renter’s paradise. In my analysis I will include a list of persuasive techniques used in these advertisements. Undoubtedly, the purpose of an advertisement is a strong appeal to the readers. The purpose of the first advertisement; The Grove, apartments is to persuade the audience to experience the pleasurable and joys of living. It strongly reinforces the views through the content of the text and captures the interest of the audiences through multiple eye-catching pictures. When the reader first looks at the advertisement, it makes him or her feel how entertained and amusing this place can be in spite of the all
The doctrine of consideration is one of the most established doctrines within the common law of contract. This essay will discuss the impact of Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989] EWCA Civ 5 on the doctrine of consideration. It will shed light on the rules of consideration, ways to avoid consideration, application of the rules in the specific circumstance of performance of an existing duty in cases. Evidently an alteration to the rules and practices would be displayed. Courts today need to make a distinction between everyday social agreements and legally binding contracts, this is where the doctrine of consideration manifests. This case introduces the practical benefit rule needed for consideration however, this case did not alter set legislation formed from the case Stilk v Myric[1809]. As it was held in the Court of Appeal and not seen or upheld by the House of Lords.
The particular focus of this essay is on how terms are implied. This is central because the courts intervene and impose implied terms when they believe that in addition to the terms the parties have expressly agreed on, other terms must be implied into the contract. Gillies argued that the courts have become more interventionist in protecting the rights of contracting parties thereby encroaching upon the notion of freedom of contract. The doctrine of freedom of contract is a prevailing philosophy which upholds the idea that parties to a contract should be at liberty to agree on their own terms without the interference of the courts or legislature. Implied terms can be viewed as a technique of construction or interpretation of contracts. It has been argued that the courts are interfering too much in their approach to determine and interpret the terms of a contract. The aim of this essay is to explore this argument further and in doing so consider whether freedom of contract is lost due to courts imposing implied terms. The essay will outline how the common law implies terms. The final part of the essay will examine whether Parliament, by means of a statute, or terms implied by custom restrict freedom in a contract. An overall conclusion on the issue will be reached.
In a portion of today’s class we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of flipped classrooms, which are when the student watched the lesson plan at home and comes ready to do the activity or discussion in class the next day. Some of the advantages are that the students will be engaged in the material since its video form, it helps with time management in the classroom, the student can watch the lesson plan as many times as they like, etc. I think the best advantage of the flipped classroom is that the students can pause, rewind, and fast forward, where as in the classroom, that’s not an option. Some disadvantages to a flip classroom are not all students have a computer or Internet access at home and some students won’t watch the lesson plan. Especially in Title One schools, many students do not have computers at home or access to a computer to watch a lesson plan, making it extremely difficult to do the activity the next day. I think a flipped classroom would be good on a high school level or even college level, but I think it would be very difficult at the elementary school level.