Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Exercise is an important part of living a healthy life. It promotes good health and certainly athletes get plenty of exercises. One might not think of an athlete not being unhealthy, however, there are more athletes who die from health problems than one may realize. Many athletes have actually died from underlying health problems related to the heart, but there are competitive athletes that have heart disease. Heart disease is serious everyone should know the cardiovascular system. Knowing the different ways to prevent heart disease. In my paper I’m going to discuss heart disease and how it affects student-athletes. Various heart disorders and ways to prevent student death while playing sports.

Exercise is defined as “bodily exertion, especially for the sake of training or improvement of health”. (exercise. n.d.). Exercise can be done in a variety of ways including: playing sports, walking, running, lifting weights and taking fitness classes. Exercise can be a preventative method of obesity as well as a treatable method for obesity. A person who is obese and suffers from heart disease does not prevented from starting an exercise regime to lose the weight necessary in order to be within a healthy weight for their height and gender. Exercise regimes may consist of different activities for someone who has additional medical issues aside from obesity. A medical professional should always be aware and in agreeance to strenuous exercise activities prior to beginning the exercise to avoid further damage to the

Throughout the course of this class, different aspects of physical activity have been explored through discussion boards, weekly physical activity participation, and a two week log of physical activity and recovery. After completing these activities, I have chosen three physical fitness goals; increasing cardiac health by improving my cardio endurance, increasing muscle tone by improving my muscle endurance, and losing weight by improving my nutrition and exercise. I chose to increase my cardio endurance in order to lower my risks for heart disease (Evans, n.d.). I chose this goal based on my two week log of my resting heart rate after a night of sleep. Although my resting heart rate according

The human body can do a magnitude of activities, from running to climbing to lifting extremely heavy objects that can all go away in the blink of an eye by using drugs. One of the key things to a healthy and athletic human is cardiovascular ability, or the strength of the heart and how efficient it is pumping blood throughout the body. Just by preforming around thirty minutes of exercise a day, can improve the body’s cardiovascular health drastically. Just by preforming that little bit of exercise a day the body can reduce in fatty weight. The cholesterol levels drastically change too by increasing in HDL (good cholesterol) and decreasing in LDL (bad and total cholesterol) . The body’s blood pressure also changes for the better because

A simple method for increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: A pilot study of combination aerobic and resistance exercise training. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 23, 271-281.

2012) and (Willis, et all 2012). The results of the studies provided great insight on the benefits of both aerobic and resistance training on body composition variables. The methods used to perform the experiments and gather data were similar for some of the studies but varied across the board. In the research study comparing aerobic training in the form of walking with a combination of walking with resistance training, a total of 32 African America women aged 39-61 years participated and yielded results that suggests the intervention can be a successful way to improve physical activity levels and lifestyle of individuals belonging to his group (Hornbuckle, et al 2012). Another study took three groups and implemented a different training program for each; one group performed aerobic exercises while the second group was given a resistance training program to follow, and the third experimental group was a combined effort of aerobic and resistance training (Willis, et al 2012). Another study similar to the previous one listed was an experiment that took three groups, one for aerobic training, one for resistance training, and one for a combination of both, and put them through a training program that lasted a total of eight months. However, these groups had weekly meeting with a dietitian in order to adjusts behavioral and dietary habits, and the participants were provided a prescribed balanced diet that gave them

The CVD advantages of exercise are likely intervened by methods of multiple mechanisms. Regular exercise training improves the CVD risk profile by lessening triglycerides and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lowering blood pressure, improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, diminishing body weight, and reducing inflammatory markers. These risk factor improvements explain 59% of the reduction in CVD. The remaining 41% may result from improved endothelial function, enhanced vagal tone producing lower heart rates, vascular remodeling including larger vessel diameters, and an improved nitric oxide bioavailability. When done consistently, moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity can lower your risk for coronary

The results showed no change in each subject’s body mass, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio. The significant change in body measurements between the control group and resistance training (RT) group was the percentage of body fat. There was a decrease in the group that was actively exercising throughout the study. At baseline, the two groups had similar

Additionally, the lipid profile should be monitored to determine any ADT-related increase in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. The patient with pre-existing diabetes may need the intensification of their hypoglycemic agents (Rhee et al., 2015). Lifestyle modification to prevent weight gain and insulin resistance, and maintain muscle mass is an important intervention to discuss with patients prior to starting the ADT. A regular exercise regimen with a moderate intensity activity on most days for pateints who are able to perform are recommended (Rhee et al., 2015). Similarly, Hasenoehrl et al. (2015) and Garner et al. (2014) states that the restrictive exercise is an effective and safe intervention to improve muscular strength, prevent loss of lean mass, and

The results of this study is consistent with the reports of the above mentioned studies. Significant reductions were seen in SBP (0.022), DBP (0.004) and RHR (0.003) after the ten-week exercise protocol. According to Billinger et al., (2012), in the search into the cause of such decline, he concluded that exercise has a significant impart in cardiovascular fitness especially by reducing SBP, DBP and RHR. Again, this study agrees with the findings of Billinger et al., (2012). Stolle et al., (2012) used cardiovascular exercise for six months to rehabilitate stroke survivals and also reported statistically significant reduction in cardiovascular fitness during the acute phase of stroke. Though his findings were based on general cardiovascular fitness, the results of this study validates his. In Amin-Shokravi et al., (2011), effects of a 12-week exercise program on the cardiovascular disease risk and fitness of Iranian middle aged women showed significant decrease in SBP and DBP. Another study carried out on the effects of 3 months aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular profiles of trained and untrained athletes revealed that there were significant reductions in SBP, DBP and RHR for the trained group (Sunita et al., 2015). In Ammar (2015), morning and afternoon aerobic exercise for overweight hypertensive post-menopausal women who exercise for 12-weeks reviewed that, afternoon

CV Fitness is an important element in overall health and wellbeing. Adults that are physically active are healthier than those who are inactive and are less likely to develop many chronic diseases. Those who follow the guidelines of frequency, intensity, time and type of CV fitness are at lower risk of premature death, coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and some mental illnesses (“Active Adults”, 2015). It is found that adults who exercise regularly have hearts that gradually adapt to the activity rates and the heart increases in strength and size thus improving CV health. Aerobic activity aids in clearing fatty deposits from the walls of some vessels, this slows down the process of atherosclerosis (Marieb et al., 2014). Atherosclerosis is basically an accumulation of fatty deposits in inner linings of some arteries which blocks blood flow

In order for a heart to be functioning properly, several physiological criteria must be met. The blood vessels to the heart need to be functioning normally. The electrical conduction system has to be working in a coordinated fashion for the blood to flow efficiently through the heart chambers. Also, all of the heart valves need to be working optimally so that blood can flow in the proper direction and in adequate amounts. Finally, the arterial and venous systems need to be able to constrict and dilate so that proper blood pressure is maintained and also so all of the cells of the body get an adequate blood flow (Anonymous C 2015). The exercise group for this experiment is the group that’s more likely to have met all these requirements at a more satisfactory level than the non-exercise group, and therefore, are at less risk of cardiovascular diseases. Aerobic exercise breaks up stored fatty acids to provide more fuel to the heart (Levitt 2012). Without exercise, excess energy obtained from food for example, will be stored as fat which can lead to obesity. Nearly 70% of American adults are either overweight or obese. Being obese increases risk for heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes and more (American Heart Association B 2014).

Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. The reason for this examination was looked at the impacts of comparative measures of oxygen consuming and protection preparing on weight and fat mass in overweight adults.  Participants were 119 stationaries, overweight or corpulent grown-ups who were randomized to one of three 8-mo practice protocols. The finding of this investigation was criteria were age 18 to 70 years, inactive (practicing ≤1– 2 times/wk), overweight or respectably large (weight file 25– 35 kg/m2), and with gentle to direct dyslipidemia (either LDL cholesterol 130– 190 mg/dl or HDL cholesterol ≤40 mg/dl for men or ≤45 mg/dl for ladies). Insurance getting ready and changes in entire weight and aggregate fat mass. despite whether oxygen devouring or insurance getting ready is prevalent in starting changes all in all body structure. it gives AT alone is the perfect technique for action for diminishing fat mass and total weight, (Shields, Willis, Piner, 2012).

During increased levels of physical activity, the human body responds by altering various cardio-respiratory variables to supply the skeletal muscles with an adequate amount of oxygen and nutrients to sustain the increased metabolic demand. If individuals engage in frequent exercise, the cardio-respiratory system and targeted skeletal muscles become stronger and more efficient relative to individuals that do not engage in exercise. It was hypothesized that at rest athletic individuals would have a lower resting heart rate and at peak performance athletic individuals would have a higher VO2 and a-v O2 difference with a lower TPR, compared to non-athletic individuals. Both male and female subjects, between the ages of 20-23, were placed into two groups based on their weekly amount of time engaging in exercise (Group 1 being zero hours per week, and Group 2 being more than ten hours per week). These cardio-respiratory variables were measured as each subject, sitting on a cycle ergometer, went from rest to peak performance. It was found that athletic subjects did not differ significantly from non-athletic subjects for any of the tested cardio-respiratory variables. However, it was seen that both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems displayed an increase in efficiency for athletic subjects compared to non-athletic subjects. This increased efficiency is not only beneficial for exercise performance, but also for sustaining and improving a healthy life.

Behavioural, dietary and physical activity have always been regarded as the first-line lifestyle intervention. From previous epidemiological studies, it is widely known that moderate exercise extends life expectancy and quality by reducing the risk of chronic diseases [56, 67, 68]. Generally speaking, exercise can help to achieve the restoration of body function by improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function, attenuating the decline in body weight and blunting the pathological level in mtDNA mutations in mice multiple tissues [56]. It was also indicated in one paper that exercise training (ET) is an effective method in improving cardiometabolic outcomes, such as blood glucose and lipid regulation, insulin resistance, blood