Executive Summary
This paper will talk about motivation and with a focus on American Chocolate Factory. Since motivation is pretty broad, our group decided to focus more on expectancy theory. We will also talk about the theory’s background and discuss about the pros and cons and how can this theory applied to local business. In order for our group to find out more information about expectancy theory, we decide to interview the general manager of American Chocolate Factory. The person we interviewed was Rich Huang. He basically handles all the operations and training of their employees. Interviewing Rich about the research really helped us understand and learn more about motivation and the expectancy theory. We will share the information
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- Introduction 4
- Background/ History 5
- Local Business 7
- Discussion 9
- Conclusion 12
- Bibliography 13
- Plagiarism Checker 15
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The Expectancy Theory is a process-based motivation theory, which means that individuals react in some particular ways by analyzing their own thoughts and feelings (Bauer, 2014, p. 380). It has received a lot of research attention and is well-accepted by researchers. It has become a theory for explaining how people making decisions regarding different behavioral options. According to Bauer (2014), “Individual motivation to put forth more or less effort is determined by a rational calculation in which individuals evaluate their situation” (p.
Its value is that they will be caring and considerate of their employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, the community and the environment by showing respect to each other and valuing diversity, working together to achieve a safe, friendly and positive working environment, setting clear expectations, recognising contribution and developing their people, leading by example and taking responsibility for their actions, communicating clearly, inclusively, honestly and in a timely manner, having pride in their product and passion for the business, its heritage and its future and contributing to the community through corporate benevolence and environmentally sustainable practices (Haigh's Chocolates).
The basic characteristics of the marketing concept that could be identified in Clare’s Chocolates are as follows:
The expectancy theory was developed by Victor H. Vroom in 1964 as a systematic explanation of individual motivation within the workplace. This theory put forth three key components: expectancy, performance, and valence. From the base component of the theory, which is expectancy, behavior is built by an individual’s value of the reward or valence. Vroom’s theory of expectancy is used by manager to understand how individual employees are motivated and how they will respond to rewards closely tied to the tasks given. Expectancy is proposed to be an individual’s understanding of how their effort leads to a given performance level. Vroom put forth in his theory that individuals believe the more effort put into a task or objective, the better
The Expectancy Theory suggests that individuals choose a particular course of action after they have – often subconsciously – evaluated three critical components of the theory.
e) Maintenance contracts - Maintenance costs should be included as incremental cash flows because they could change the NPV of the project if the maintenance costs are significantly different for each of the different projects.
The industry that I chose is the chocolate industry. Growing up in Pennsylvania the Hershey Company is well know throughout the state and is a factory I have visited on multiple occasions. While the chocolate tycoon has made some negative headlines over the past few years with outsourcing and layoffs, they have done a good share of philanthropy work for the state and the Dauphin County area.
Marketing plays the most important role for the success of a business. In this chapter, the business’ marketing objectives are laid out together with the plans or actions that will be needed to achieve these objectives. Furthermore, this chapter includes the profile of the respondents which aided the researchers to create this part of the feasibility study.
Dream Chocolate (D.C.) is a small company trying to survive in an industry with many competitors. The competitive environment comes from some factors. Firstly, D.C. bars are sold in specialty markets, fine gift stores and also available online. However, the competitive companies can also provide various chocolate bars for customers with the low price on the Internet. Secondly, comparing to the big chocolate company like Mars, D.C. is a small company that has the lower brand reputation. Therefore, there may be not many people would trust their products.
Haigh’s Chocolate factory was one of the oldest chocolate factories in Australia which was started before a century on May 1st 1915 will be celebrating their 100th anniversary in few more days. There are various factors which make them stand as one of the top chocolate sellers in Australia. It was started with a small factory in 1915, emerged with 6 stores in 1933 and from then they have increased their business gradually and now they have 14 outlets and also employing more than 500 employees. They are also running an online portal to sell chocolates which delivers more than 250 products across Australia. They are among the top 10 sellers of cocoa chocolate in Australia over years. They follow the same tradition what they
From the perspective of Utilitarianism, child slavery contributes the economics position of thecountry. As I know, the economic situation of the country is bad, they are one of the thirdworld countries. What is more, cocoa beans prices decreased in the year 1996 - 2000. So,farmers want to reduce the cost of production with cutting the wages and using slavery.According to Utilitarianism, the “right” action or policy is the one that will produce thegreatest net benefits or the lowest net costs. From that point, they reduce costs, and maximizetheir net benefits from child slavery. The major difficulty with Utilitarianism is that it isunable to deal with rights and justice. For instance, from the point of social justice, it is clear that
As stated in the description of the Conche activity: 1.400kg of semisweet chocolate contains 850kg of nibs, in other words, 1kg of semi sweet chocolate 850/1400=0,6071kg of nibs
‘’organisations exist and function within society and consequently are subject to a variety of social influences. These influences, which include demography, social class and culture, can change over time and affect both the demand and supply side of the economy. Marketing organisations recognise and make use of these factors when segmenting markets for consumer goods and service’’ Worthington, I (2009) p.135.
Chocolate, as one of the most popular sweets around the world, not only satisfies people’s taste, but also provides a means of living for many countries. Ghana is an African country that lived upon its cocoa industry. Cocoa tree was introduced to the Ghana accidentally by a man named Tetteh Quarshie after his trip to Spain in the late nineteenth century (Off 96-97). Because of the increasing international demand for chocolate, the cocoa farmers in Ghana soon benefited from the cocoa trade (Off 97). By 1920, Ghana“ became the world’s leading cocoa bean exporter” (Off 98). The booming cocoa industry brought considerable wealth to Ghanaian cocoa farmers that they could build new houses and roads (Ryan 10). However, the cocoa industry in Ghana was not always
2. Explain the motivation of these three employees in terms of the expectancy theory of motivation.
Radosevich, D. J., Levine, M. S., Sumner, K. E., Knight, M. B., Arendt, L. A., & Johnson, V. A. (2009). The role of expectancy theory in goal striving processes. Journal Of The Academy Of Business & Economics, 9(4), 186-192.