Child Development 1-19

The preschool years which are the ages between 2 ½ years to five years old is an exciting time for children. It is during this time that they use all of the development learned during the infant and toddler stage to actively explore and engage in school. Preschoolers learn how to make their own choices, develop socially, and explore their environments. Parents and caregivers still play an important role in helping children during this time take initiative and explore their environments. Adult’s behaviors, attitudes, and styles of thinking contribute to preschooler’s

| * Able to manoeuvre toys with wheels * Can run short distances and easily avoid objects * Climbs furniture and can get down by themselves * Tries to kick a ball but instead walks into it * Can walk up and down stairs by self by placing both feet on each step * Can throw a ball overhand

|Theory. |their second year they will start to walk and be able to |Social, emotional and behavioural development – Slower to |

Give atleast 6 example for each age group in each development stage. The ages under each section are;

| * Feeding 5-8 times a day * Sleeping 20 hours a day * Makes basic distinctions within the first month in the sensory capacities; vision, hearing, smelling, tasting, touch, temperature and pain. * Visual exploration and colour perception develops further into months 2 and 3. * Muscle control is developed; control of eye movement, kicking legs and the ability to lift head whilst on stomach.

Meggitt, C., 2006. Child Development : an illustrated guide. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/dundeecollege-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3384832

The developmental theories can not be more evident than during the out of class assignment at the daycare facility. During this independent assignment, I was able to observe and interact with pre-school children in an environment that is both encouraging and facilitating to a child’s developmental growth. So, just as Piaget in his developmental theory believed that children takes an active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as they perform experiments, make observations, and learn about the world; the pre-school teachers allowed them to do just that. Indeed, the teachers at the day care provided room for the child to learn and explore while at the same time adhering to a structure that set boundaries and limitations. Thus, the pre-school children, begrudgingly, learns to follow a meticulous schedule of activities and rest.

-Child is able to balance on one foot, run, and jump (Edelman & Mandle, p. 484, 2010).

| * Trying to stay nearby their carer or parent * play peek-a-boo, copy hand clapping and pat a mirror image * put hands around a cup or bottle when feeding * understands “NO”

On October 21 2016 at 9:30 to 11:30 in the morming, I visited the Snapdragon on Child Development Center. I observed a toddler girl named Taylor she’s 17 months old.

The PEO model is an appropriate tool to use to diagnose a person with Down Syndrome (DS) and motor disabilities. The PEO model of practice has three main components which include the person (P), environment (E), and occupation (O), which will be used for the interventions in this case study. According to Rousseau, Potvin, Dutil, and Falta (2002), knowing the individual’s environment and how it interacts with the person is one of the essential key factors needed to provide effective treatment and intervention in occupational therapy. More specifically, the interaction between the person and the environment are major considerations to gain normal abilities because the nature of the DS is different compared to the other diagnosis. Down syndrome

| Feedings: 5 - 8 per day.Sleep: 20 hours per day.Sensory Capacities: makes basic distinctions in vision, hearing, smelling and tasting, touch temperature and perception of pain.

Childhood development encompasses the cognitive, physical, social, moral and emotional changes from birth until the end of adolescence (White, Hayes & Livesey, 2013). Throughout childhood, environment and genetics promote or discourage growth and development. This essay will analyse the cognitive, physical, social, moral and emotional domains in relativity to my own development from the prenatal stage until adolescence. Psychological and environmental theories are used to develop the understanding and connection between each domain and stage of development. Lastly, this essay will address the controversial nature verses nurture debate and its relevance to my childhood development.

An infant’s physical development needs to grow through repetitive actions. An infant will “develop gross/fine motor skills and physical strengths by exploring, kicking, reaching, grasping, and letting go” (Copple & Bredekamp, 2009, p. 55).

The human life is separated into multiple stages that reflect the different phases the mind and body go through. Early childhood is one of these stages and is perhaps the most important stage of all. During early childhood, the brain and body are growing, learning, developing, and adapting to the environment that they are placed in. These developments are fairly constant through human history and therefore, there have been many studies and observations done to better understand the significant phase that is early childhood.