Somatization is the manifestation of psychological distress as physical symptoms such as headaches, stomachaches, body aches, dizziness, and fatigue (Mai, 2004; Taylor, Szatmari, Boyle, & Offord, 1996). These somatic complaints generally cannot be traced to any diagnosable medical conditions, however they are not fictitious and may be explained by biological mechanisms involved in the stress response as well as by changes in individuals’ perception of pain (Garber, Walker, & Zeman, 1991; Mai, 2004; Rief, Hennings, Riemer, & Euteneuer, 2010). Somatic disorders account for more productivity loss, unemployment, and healthcare usage than any other psychiatric disorder, indicating the need for further research into its many predictors and causes (Mai, 2004; Poikolainen, Aalto-Setala, Marttunen, Tuulio-Henricksson, & Lonnqvist, 2000; Rief & Auer, 2000). Among …show more content…
Somatic symptom disorders among children are especially common in low socioeconomic status (SES) communities, non-White ethnicities, and victims of childhood trauma or victimization, (Bailey, 2005; Reynolds, O'Koon, Papademetriou, Szczygiel, & Grant, 2001; White & Farrell, 2006), though there may be important differences in the types of symptoms reported by different racial and ethnic groups (Kingery, Ginsburg, & Alfano, 2007). For example, Rhee (2003) notes that rates of headache, body ache, and dizziness are higher in Caucasian populations, whereas urinary dysfunction, cold sweat, overheating, and chest pain are more common among African Americans. Rhee (2005) proposes that the ethnic disparity associated with these symptoms can, at least in part, be attributed to lower SES and higher rates of depressive symptoms among racial minorities, whereas, other symptoms may occur regardless of SES or comorbid
The expected pattern starts at 0-3 years where a child is expected to develop the most. They have little control over their bodies at 0-1 years and are dependent on their natural instincts eg: sucking, grasping.
I always try to respect race, religion and cultural identity as there is the need for continuity and security, This is one of the reasons why I always address each young person by his/her name.
Childhood itself is a slightly ambiguous term, and is not a fixed definite period of life. The book “AS level sociology” written by Rob webb, Hal Westergaard, Kieth Trobe and Liz Steel defines childhood as “ a socially defined age status” going on to say that there are major differences in how childhood is defined, both historically, and culturally, similarly, Stephen Wagg says of childhood;
In this writing it will be discussing childhood development, as well as some vital issues that might come along during those stages of development. Child development consist of the stage where the child is developing physically, cognitively, socially and spiritually. During these stages of development a child is maturing from infancy to becoming a young adult. For many years theorist such as Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Lev Vygotsky’s have researched how children mature from infants to adulthood. Each of the theorist have profound facts to how children develop, but which of the three men are correct on their findings?
Why it is difficult for researchers to isolate specific causes of child behaviour - using two of your own examples. How is the term “correlation” a solution to this problem?
Here the author talks about couple of kids who belong to different social class and race. She mainly focuses on how economical condition affects parenting. Although most of the parents want the best from their kids but indeed they have to balance between their work and financial situation and tune it with their parenting style.
Lareau, in Unequal Childhoods, focuses on socioeconomic status and how that affects outcomes in the education system and the workplace. While examining middle-class, working-class and poor families, Lareau witnessed differing logics of parenting, which could greatly determine a child’s future success. Working-class and poor families allow their children an accomplishment of natural growth, whereas middle-class parents prepare their children through concerted cultivation. The latter provides children with a sense of entitlement, as parents encourage them to negotiate and challenge those in authority. Parents almost overwhelm their children with organized activities, as we witnessed in the life of Garrett Tallinger. Due to his parents and their economic and cultural capital, Garrett was not only able to learn in an educational setting, but through differing activities, equipping him with several skills to be successful in the world. Lareau suggests these extra skills allow children to “think of themselves as special and as entitled to receive certain kinds of services from adults” (39). Adults in the school system are in favor of these skills through concerted cultivation, and Bourdieu seems to suggest that schools can often misrecognize these skills as natural talent/abilities when it’s merely cultivated through capital. This then leads to inequalities in the education system and academic attainments.
MU 2.9 1.1 Explain why working in partnership with others is important for children and young people
When an infant arrives in the world they are helpless tiny humans who depend on adults for every need from love, to feeding them. It is amazing how these tiny babies grow into adults able to make decisions and become self-dependent. There are many theories about how children develop and what roles the environment plays, what people affect their lives and how events can shape their personalities. Some of these children have and easy life and some have a harder time making that journey to adulthood.
Somatoform are physical symptoms triggered through psychological factors (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Consider “somatic presentations can be viewed as expressions of personal suffering inserted in a cultural and social context” (APA, 2013, p. 310). Andrea expresses somatic symptom disorder through multiple symptoms. Andrea’s physical grievances are excessive, suggesting her need for attention. She states that she is in a tremendous amount of pain and easily agitated and hostile if others do not take her
Observer visited a play place of a restaurant in New Jersey, Hackensack. Why I have chosen the place is easy to observe every part of child development such as cognitive, social emotional, language as well as physical at the same time. Observer performed the observation on April 28 from 1 pm to 3pm. The child was an Asian boy. He has strait short black hair with dark brown eyes and thin black eye brows. His height looked around 37 inches that he may be a little smaller than other early childhood children. He looks thin and has a full set of teeth inside his mouth, full cheeks, and a small button nose.
Somatic symptom disorder (SSD). That is when the mind-body relationship is altered due to unpleasant emotions, negative feelings, life cycle modifications or situations of high emotional impact, which produce stress, which can be represented as symptoms or physical illness.
A fundamental aspect of human memory is that the more time elapsed since an event, the fainter the memory becomes. This has been shown to be true on a relatively linear scale with the exception of our first three to four years of life (Fitzgerald, 1991). It is even common for adults not to have any memory before the age of six or seven. The absence of memory in these first years has sparked much interest as to how and why it happens. Ever since Freud (1916/1963) first popularized the phenomenon there have been many questions and few robust empirical studies. Childhood amnesia is defined as the period of life from which no events are remembered (Usher & Neisser, 1993) beginning at birth and ending at the onset of your
After reading this article, somatic disorder can be described as having physical symptoms that are typically associated with a physical disorder, but no test or finding can confirm a physical or even psychological cause. These aspects make the disease difficult to fully understand and confirm. This disorder can, however, be associated with large amounts of stress. There are several different forms of treatment for this disorder; most of them are associated with talking to a professional mental or physical caregiver. Through these interactions, it is important for there to be a doctor to patient relationship because this allows the doctor to give explanations to the patients that ensures a prognosis and encourages the patient about treatments.
To start with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build understandings of child and childhood in a social world more explicitly. Notion of social construction is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a description there are a number of thoughts. “It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status (Stam 2001, p. 294)”. Vivien (1995, p. 10) points the origin of social constructionism stems from two to three hundred years ago in the period of enlightenment, modernism and postmodernism. By all means, Berger and Luckmann’ (1966) book The Social