Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2010, 10% of adults in the United States have chronic kidney disease (CKD). That is estimated at about 20 million people. People with CKD may not feel any symptoms in the early stages, so treatment most likely has not been started. When a person often finds out they are in need of treatment, they may already be in kidney failure or end stage renal disease (ESRD). This paper will discuss the reimbursement mechanisms presented in the Sullivan article, the economics of providing ESRD treatment from the organization's point of view, patients options and potential trade-offs related to cost, quality, and access to

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide problem that is currently three times higher for African Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, American Indians and seniors (The National Kidney Foundation, 2013). CKD occurs when the kidneys are damaged by a pathogen or injury and they can no longer adequately maintain proper levels of regulated chemicals in the bloodstream. There are many risk associated with CKD. According to the National Kidney Foundation, two of the major risks are Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) and Cardiovascular Disease. Currently twenty million American adults have CKD and millions of others are at increased risk. Age has no barrier on getting CKD. People with pre-existing health issues, and a part of certain population

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disorder and occurs in the elderly population. In younger patients, it

Chronic kidney disease is a growing problem with increasing numbers of patients being diagnosed and those beginning dialysis or the transplant process. “Currently, 26 million Americans have CKD…and 111,000 patients were newly diagnosed with end-stage renal disease in 1 year” (Castner, 2010, p. 26). Chronic kidney disease develops over years and can be considered a silent disease because many patients with this disease are diagnosed while being tested for another condition. Signs and symptoms of the disease are dependent on the cause,

After all is verified, I use my “sphygmomanometer” to listen to my patient’s fistulas “bruit”. I hear the loud swoosh sound repeatedly like waves hitting the shore. I “palpate” for the “thrill” on my patient’s “fistula” to make sure the blood flow is normal and there is no “infiltration”.

Kidney failure has spread immensely throughout the United States for the past decade. There are many causes for kidney failure, but the top two in the U.S. are Diabetes and Hypertension. Before this research project, I was not aware of how common Chronic Kidney Disease is amongst us, especially since it ranges from birth to old age. One in 10 adults within the age of 20 or older has been diagnosed with kidney disease in the U.S., (Davita.com). This disease causes a complete lifestyle change and with the right educational tools, diet, compliance, and support from family and friends, the patient should be able to keep living without any complications.

Polycystic kidney disease, also known as PKD, is a genetic disorder where clusters of cysts develop in the kidneys. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that vary in size depending on how much fluid is in the sac. This disease impacts the ability of the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood. In many cases, the growth of the cysts causes the kidneys to become enlarged which can lead to kidney failure. There are three types of polycystic kidney disease: autosomal dominant (ADPKD), autosomal recessive (ARPKD), and acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney diseases are both genetic disorders, while acquired cystic kidney disease is not inherited. Autosomal dominant is the

One of the main renal failures is known as chronic kidney disorder (CKD). This disease is non-reversible and has no cure. CKD have this stages that definite the progression of a the kidneys. “CKD stages range from 1 to 5: the higher the number of stages, the greater the progression of the disease. CKD is a progressive condition that develops over an extended period before being detected”. In most cases when the symptoms is noticeable, the patient have already experience a large percentage of the kidney tissue that’s been destroyed. “Doctor uses a measurement called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to determine how the efficiency

The kidneys are essential towards the human body; They maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. Also, they excrete waste products, like urine, help control blood pressure, and blood cell production. The nephrons inside the kidneys, responsible for removing waste products, can become damaged. Thus, will be the start of kidney disease. Chronic Kidney Disease is constant nephron damage for several years. In Addition to the damage of the nephrons there’s a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is a test that measures how well your kidneys are working. One of the major causes of CKD is diabetes and hypertension. (Silberberg, 2015) If CKD progress without the proper medical help, it will result to kidney failure and a transplant or dialysis may be necessary. Along with all other diseases, kidney diseases have a negative effect on metabolism, nutritional status and nutritional requirements. Patients with chronic kidney disease should limit their intake on protein, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus (Dudek., 2014) The purpose of this paper is to discuss the macro and micronutrients important to prevent chronic kidney disease.

Glomerulonephritis is a disease that affects the glomeruli of your kidneys that filters the waste in your blood. Your glomeruli becomes damaged because of a problem with your body's immune system. Salt and extra fluid begin to build up in your kidneys, making them unable to filter properly. There are two types of Glomerulonephritis- acute or chronic. Acute Glomerulonephritis can be caused by a skin or throat infection or by other illnesses such as lupus. Chronic Glomerulonephritis can develop over time without any symptoms. Sometimes the disease runs in the family, but with most cases of glomerulonephritis disease the cause is unknown. Glomerulonephritis can affect anyone with diabetes, or other kidney diseases. It is commonly seen in young

Early Stage Chronic Renal Failure (ESCRF) is defined as stages 1-3 of renal failure determined by the Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) a formula incorporating Age, Gender, and Creatinine levels in the blood to determine how much waste product is being filtered every minute. A GFR of 30 to 99 mL/min is considered (ESCRF), GFR <30mL/min is considered End Stage Renal Failure with less than 30% functioning kidney, dialysis or transplant is essential for survival. A client can move through different Early stages, however progression usually progresses to more severe end stage, once GFR is <30mL/min damage cannot be reversed. Appropriate Intervention and reducing risk factors can prolong progression by months and up to years. ESCRF isn’t usually fatal diseases which shares common risk factors (diabetes and CVD) usually prove fatal, in Australia cause of death is often recorded as CVD and ESCRF is listed as an associated

While researching journal articles related to End Stage Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), an alarming statistic was found. Since 1990, kidney failure cases have more than tripled in the United States and are likely to increase due to the aging population and higher prevalence of conditions such as diabetes and hypertension; both of which are risk factors for CKD (CDC, 2014).

Chronic Kidney Disease affects more than 10% of adults in the United States, and more than 20 million individuals may have this illness (National Chronic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet, 2014). Moreover, there are 26 million Americans beyond 20 years old with this ailment, which incorporates more than 940,000 adults in Michigan (Kidney Disease, 2105). Notwithstanding this, a combined populace of more than 600 million individuals in developing countries that can’t manage the cost of renal replacement, subsequently causing over 1 million deaths for untreated kidney failure (Chronic Kidney Disease, 2015). Indeed, there are more than 80% of people receiving renal replacement therapy. Additionally, as assessed around 1 in 5 men and 1 in 4 women between the age of 65 and 74 and half of people over the age of 75 years old have Chronic Kidney Disease (Chronic Kidney Disease, 2015).

The Center for Disease Control has ranked CKD as the 9th leading cause of death. According to the National Kidney Foundation, 1:3 adults are at risk for CKD and 26 million have it but do not know it. Normally, people are born with two kidneys but it is possible to live with only one. The kidneys regulate body fluid levels, filter waste and toxins from the blood, release hormones that regulate blood pressure, activate vitamin D to maintain healthy bones, release hormone that directs production of red blood cells and keeps blood minerals in balance (NKF). The kidneys filter blood every 30 minutes and the rate of filtration is known as

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that progresses causing kidney dysfunction and then to kidney failure. It is classified by a GFR of &lt;60mL/min for longer than 3 months. There are five stages of CKD: Stage 1 has kidney damage but has a GFR ≥ 90. Stage 2 has mild damage and a GFR of 60-89. Stage 3 has moderate damage and a GFR of 30-59. Stage 4 has severe damage and a GFR of 15-29. Stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD), this is kidney failure with a GFR of ≤ 15 and theses patients are typically on dialysis or in need of an immediate transplant. The leading cause of CKD is diabetes. Hypertension is also a major cause. Since most DM patients have HTN,