Essay Cis 517 Case Study 3

* Pareto Charts: Based upon the Pareto Principle that states that 80% of a problem is attributable to 20% of its causes, or inputs, a Pareto Chart organizes and displays information in order to show the relative importance of various problems or causes of problems.

Once I had completed the excel spreadsheet containing my family’s total annual CO2 production, I was dumbfounded at how high the amounts were. My family’s electricity was 7374.33, and my annual CO2 from gasoline consumption was 11325.6. I came up with the calculation by completing the following series of step. To start get you will need to figure out how many watts an appliance has. Then you will take that number and multiply it by the number of hours it is on and divide that by 1000. This will give you the kilowatt-hours for a particular appliance. Next, you would take the total kilowatt-hours and multiply that by seven days to get your weekly usage. You would need to multiply the weekly usage by fifty-two weeks to get your annual kilowatt-hours. Now, by

In today's modern industrial society vast amounts of energy are needed to make living more comfortable, productive and enjoyable. The increase in energy consumption not only caused a global spike in energy costs, but also negatively impacted our environment. Climate change, the threat of an unsecured energy supply and rising energy costs have emphasized the need for improved energy efficiency. Efficient energy use is essential as it enables financial savings, preserves fossil fuel resources, and reduces air pollution. Reducing energy consumption and lowering Greenhouse gas emissions are the two most important reasons to improve energy efficiency. Pollution is a major disadvantage of fossil fuels causing air pollution, water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, and global warming emissions. However renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower provides sustainable energy services, of which solar energy is one of the cleanest, abundant and most sustainable ways to generate electricity.

Decarbonising the economy will consist of reducing and further along completely removing the use of carbon and the production of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuel based energy sources (Jeffrey Sachs 2014). This minimizes the release of harmful greenhouse gas emissions into the environmental biosphere. In the current time there has been three different pillars identified in the deep decarbonisation scheme (Jotzo & Skarbek 2014). The first of the three being a shift into a lower carbon based electricity production solution by using a mix of wind, solar, hydro and nuclear energy predominantly with limited use placed on fossil fuels. The second consists of using electricity produced from a low-carbon supply to power personal vehicles, buildings and select few industrial processes. Finally energy efficiency can be maximized through the modification and improvement of building designs to greatly reduce the need for external energy for basic requirements such as cooling, heating

Energy consumption is bound tightly with our daily life especially when we try to maintain our high quality of life (Panwar, Kaushik, & Kothary, 2011). For example, energy consumption is required when people try to light a lightbulb in the night; cars need energy to move. People in the world need to consume an enormous quantity of energy every day to support daily life (see picture 1). Countries’ development is also rely on energy consumption. A research find out that real GDP will be increase by 0.12%-0.39% percent when increase 1% energy consuming. (Narayan, & Smyth, 2008).

As the graph above, we can see that the the use of energy consumption is always increasing every year. It shows how improtant the industrial energy especially the Natural Gas for life activities (IHRDC Solutions, 2015).

This part of the research will discuss about the critical success factors of Business Process Management. Prior to the discussion of the CSF’s of BPM it is important to point down the factors that influences success can be classified in to two groups.

While in Economical methods, the results are estimated upon the relationship between dependent variables and factors that influence electricity consumption. Time series and least-square method are used to estimate the relationship.

Demand for energy is increasing every day due to the rapid growth of population and urbanization (Kalayasiri, 1996). According to International Energy Agency (IEA) (2009) data from 1990 to 2008, the average energy use per person increased 10% while world population increased 27%. About 80% of this energy demand is delivered from fossil fuels with the consequence of an increase of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere that provokes serious climate changes from global warming. The world today is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. The global increase in carbon dioxide concentration is due primarily to fossil fuel use and land use change, while those of methane and nitrous oxide are primarily due to agriculture (IPCC, 2007).

Besides natural effects, growing presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is an inevitable concern to economists. The economic perspective on depletion of ozone layer and its side effects on the Mother-nature do not worry many nation officials who need development and money support. For some countries, necessary actions required for reduction of GHGs mean a major reduction in the variety of choices, consumption of products used and of costs of controlling the CO2. According to Andrew Hoffman, “to avoid the aforementioned scenarios, measures must be taken in all energy-consuming sectors of the economy: industry, transportation utilities and residential households. Homes, commercial buildings, and factories must become energy efficient, reducing their fuel use for heating, cooling, refrigeration, lighting, and so on. Improved energy efficiency is the primary near-term solution in each of these sectors; however, energy substitution is inevitable after initial cost-efficiency gains are made. The only efficient way to shift the use of other sources of energy is to raise the price of fossil fuels through a carbon tax …. 50% reduction in emission would require energy prices to more than double” .

To effectively measure improvement on targets 7.1-7.3, source and levels of global energy consumption must be accounted for. These assessment procedures have been carried out for years by national and international organizations such as the International Energy Agency (IEA) or the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). They use indicators (aggregate and disaggregate) in different sectors (transport, commercial, industrial) to estimate trends and evaluate progress (Taylor, d’Otigue, Francoeur, Trudeau, 2010). It is also important to gather publications from multiple organizations around the globe to generate well-rounded reports from many perspectives.

Energy system analysis has a wide scope and is well-suited as a component of an integrated energy modelling approach. It is interdisciplinary, with its main contributions coming from economics and engineering. Insights from other social sciences (e.g. political science, sociology and policy analysis) and natural sciences (e.g. atmospheric chemistry and environmental studies) are incorporated when and where is needed. The model can be focused on energy system as a whole (economy-wide), on specific elements of the energy chain (e.g. upstream), or on key sectors like residential. (UKERC, 2011). We should note that energy modelling plays a central role in policy making, due to the fact of the gravity of energy projections in decision-making policy and the political importance of modelling results in debates about policy (UKERC, 2011).

Global climate change, a growing population, decreasing availability of fossil fuels increasing environmental and economic concerns regarding energy use are driving forces towards more sustainable ways of responding to energy demands (Li et al., 2011). Energy consumption is widely increasing all around the world resulting in rising of the energy price and global environmental problem. It is estimated that the world energy consumption will increase from 522 EJ in 2006 to 570 EJ in 2015 and 730 EJ in 2030. Due to the rising energy demand and diminishing energy resources, sustainability and energy conservation are becoming increasingly important topics (Conti et al., 2013). Governments and businesses are starting to pay more attention to the role of energy in the design, development and operation of buildings and whole communities.

Target 7.3 aims to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030. This is measurable through various energy efficiency ratios, such as energy consumption per unit of GDP. This metric can also be applied for each sector of the economy, such as the ratio of energy use in the agricultural sector to the corresponding value added of the industry to GDP (International Atomic Energy Agency 22). However, measuring energy consumption relative to GDP may not precisely capture changes in efficiency, as GDP can fluctuate based on exogenous factors, thus skewing the ratio (Sustainable Development Solutions Network 3).

Sum up the potential for energy efficiency and conversion for the system as a whole.