Code of Professional Ethics by American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
Introduction
"A code of professional ethics is a voluntary assumption of self discipline above and beyond the requirements of the law. The Code of Ethical Conduct serves the highly practical purpose to notify the public that the profession will protect the public interest" (Carey, Doherty: p 3). When people need a doctor, a lawyer or a certified public accountant, they seek someone whom they can trust to do a good job, not for himself but for them. People assume that the hired professional is qualified since they cannot appraise him. They must take it on faith that he is competent. That is why professionals are distinguished from businesses and
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Within this topic, the code mentions continuing improvement of the competence of CPAs in all areas in which they engage. In fact, the requirements of competence are established by law. If a man renders a service he is not familiar with, he commits a fraud on the public (However, CPAs are supposed in a reasonable manner to carry this principle beyond). The code of ethics assumes that in situations where CPAs face a problem he/she is not familiar with, they may ask other practitioners for help. A CPA may drop the case only when his/her efforts prove to be futile. From the other standpoint, there are always unknowns in every profession. Thus, to assume that every practitioner is completely knowledgeable would be inaccurate.
Responsibilities to Clients include CPAs' maintaining their independence, integrity and objectivity regardless of any personal interest that previously exists. CPAs should hold in confidence, all the information about their clients which they acquire during engagements. However the Code states that CPAs should insist on disclosing in financial reports, all information necessary for the fair presentation of the clients' affairs.
The accountancy laws in some states of the USA contain provisions which do not require disclosing information obtained during engagement by accountant in any court. These clauses directly interfere with federal jurisdiction. Federal
The NMC succeeded the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health visiting (UKCC) which was until 2002 has a core responsibility to register UK Nurses, Midwives, and health visitors as well as handle professional misconduct complaints and issue guidance for registered practitioners. The NMC was set up with the core responsibility of protecting the public by ensuring appropriate standard are set, reviewed and monitored for education, training, professional conduct and performance (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015). The core function of the NMC, as a regulator, is to establish and improve standards of nursing and midwifery care in order to serve and protect the public (Eaton, 2012). This assignment will focus on how NMC protects the public by carrying out its statutory roles. The writer will discuss the code of professional standards of practice and behaviour as it concerns Adult Nurses registration and deregistration of Adult Nurses, education and training, investigation and dealing with complaints, revalidation, criticisms of NMC, as a well as have a look at the future of NMC in regards to protecting the public.
Article 8 gives examples on using the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. The article gives the example of you taking over the role of handling the independence and ethical matters involved with auditing for a retiring partner in your firm. You are quickly given the task of determining whether or not your firm can provide auditing services to a client that owns a small, privately owned bank and a used car dealership. To perform work for the client you want to see the rules on how the firms will remain independent from the bank and car dealership, and you have a week to research any questions or concerns that you have with the potential client.
The American Sociological Association Code of Ethics was set as a guideline for sociologists. The code includes an Introduction, five principles, and the Specific Ethnical Standards. This code is not only used in the United States, but worldwide. They are standardized internationally to guarantee that the discipline on the whole remains as scientifically honest as possible. More importantly this code exists to prevent harm or abuse to the research subject by the scholar.
The NMC (2015) Code of Professional Conduct states that the nurse should "...act at all times in such to safeguard and promote the interests of individual patients and clients". The action of AMU nurse did not comply with this clause while caring for Ms Lisa. It was the ignorance and placed Ms Lisa in a position that was about to cost her Life. Therefore this attitude can not be acceptable.
In the physical therapy field, it is very important to continue education to better understand the need to be effective in restore mobility, relieve pain and reduce the need for surgery and prescription drugs. Being knowledgeable increases marketability. The great thing about physical therapy is that it is needed in hospitals, private practices, outpatient clinics, home health agencies, schools, sports and fitness facilities, work settings, and nursing homes. Because physical therapy is needed, technology continues to allow professions to provide different ways to improve the quality of life for patients. The results of stay up to date usually have a big impact on how big your clientele will get just because you have certain certifications that other physical therapist or personal trainers may not have. A lot of clients look at things at the different types of certifications a trainer has just so they can have trust that you as a trainer know exact what he/she is doing. Also certifications Is just have knowledge of the particular job you are doing but it also helps practice to decide if they would consider hiring you to help other which is a very big risk if you do not have the certain type of certifications which could put that practice liable for any wrong doing you as a professional makes, therefore any practices that a trainer tries work will require certain certification in order for them to cover themselves in case
I don't trust Harris Fell abused the AICPA code of Professional Conduct. Fell completed half of the review when Wilson's Corporation released Fell over a disagreement. Wilson Corporation then quickly changed Fell with Hal Compton. Today Fell has not got any remuneration in return for the work he did upon being released. Rule 501 says "CPA working papers (audit programs, analytical procedure schedules, analyses) are the CPA’s property and need not be provided to the client, unless so required by state or federal laws." (Whittington, 2012) Be that as it may they should not be given back on the off chance that they are inadequate or expenses are expected for setting up those records. With the review still in advance and not finished he doesn't
Professional code of ethics is the fundamental cornerstone in relation towards human services. According to Reamer (1998) ethics in human services consist of four main periods: the morality period; the ethical theory and decision making period; and ethical standards and risk management period. That is why the area most relevant to human services from the three general subject area, normative ethics studies the moral action regarding acceptable behaviours and conducts for practitioners to follow regarding the standards and values that deem pertinent and appropriate for those working these fields. It helps cover real dilemmas that might take place concerning the duty of care, responsibilities and the rights of the different parties that are associated with the situation. The use of the professional code of ethics within human services equips the practitioners to ask the right set of questions that would help assist in decisions making and taking the right actions that are morally right or wrong.
A professional psychologist enters into the field of Psychology to help others improve their mental health circumstances. As a licensed professional psychologist, it will be easy to know who the client will because the client will request a service, pay and consent form signed. Client cannot be easily defined as just a paying customer because a client encompasses so many other things.
The principle of the APA code of ethics is relevant to leadership and administrative activities in that decisions must be as agreed by those concerned, otherwise, trust can be broken with a client, employees, or stakeholders. If a psychologist or a leader needs to act or make a decision that is different than agreed, then it must be justified, otherwise, such a decision can be harmful to others (APA, 2010). This principle is relevant to administrative activities in the aspect of the science, truthfulness, honesty, and practice part (APA, 2010). If an administration is handling business in an honest, consistent and open manner then they too can be trusted. This method then becomes part of the practice and a science in itself. It is also important
Code of ethics published in 1953 by the American Psychological Association (APA). After that National Association of Social Workers (NASW) and American Counseling Association (ACA) adopted its ethical code (Neukrug, 2011). Ethical codes have been revised multiple times to fit the needs of the organization depending on the professional values, which was not an easy task to decide what to include in a code. There are many important things society value, so choosing which values to reflect on the code has been a struggle for the association. Ethical codes are needed in many professional; in fact, it should be for every profession. It is to assist in a professional’s ethical decision-making process. There are six fundamental moral principles of professional ethical behaviors autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity. “A code has value as both an internal guideline and an external statement of corporate values and commitments” (Ethics Research Center [ERC], n.d., para. 1). It is crucial to follow ethical standards when helping clients.
The introduction to the old AICPA Code of Professional Conduct of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants provides guidance and rules for all members as it explains the composition of the code, application of standards and compliance enforcement procedures. The code consists of two sections principles and rules. The Principles provide a general framework for the Rules which CPAs have to adhere to the rules of the AICPA Code when practicing. The AICPA Code of Conduct consists of three levels: Principles of professional of conduct, Rules and interpretations and rulings. If a member violates the Code rules, disciplinary actions would be taken. The Principles of Professional Conduct (Sec 50) explains the responsibilities, public interest, integrity, objectivity and independence, due care and scope and nature of services for professional accountants. The rules of the AICPA Code are (Sec 90) Applicability and Definitions, (Sec 100) Independence, Integrity and Objectivity, (Sec 200) General Standards and accounting principles, (Sec 300) Responsibilities to clients, (sec 400) Responsibilities to colleagues and (sec 500) Other responsibilities.
Firstly, I have to state that I'm a firm believer in the need for establishing codes of ethics and in the need for the employees to follow these codes. Many ethical issues can be resolved up front by establishing such codes. This is the reason why a code of ethics for CPAs' called Code of Professional Conduct was created (AICPA, 2115). Of course there will always be a situation that is not covered by the code of ethics and in this case my personal ethics and the sense of integrity and responsibility would play a major role. My assumption is that in the described scenario there is no rule in the code of ethics that covers this issue or there is no code of ethics written for this company at all. I'm a person who has no problem taking responsibility
When looking at the IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice, there were some steps that Betty Vinson could have taken to avoid any of the punishments that were given to her. Before following any of the IMA’s recommended actions of recourse, Vinson should have referred to WorldCom’s recognized policies on ethical behavior and follow the actions that they have written and approved to take. If WorldCom’s executives still were demanding her to falsify the journal entries after following her company’s policy, then the IMA would state that she should have discussed the issue with your immediate supervisor or the next level of management if her supervisor was involved in the unethical activity. One important thing to note with this, however, is that “Contact with levels above the immediate superior should be initiated only with your superior’s knowledge, assuming he or she is not involved (Institute of Management Accountants, 2005).
The code of ethics and conduct is a written set of rules and regulations that provides guidance to employees of an organization on how to conduct themselves and carry out their duties in line with the organization’s principles. The code of ethics and conduct is also be backed up by suitable disciplinary actions. A code of ethics and conducts helps employees deal with ethical issues and other gray areas that they face as they execute their daily activities. An effective code of ethics and conduct is required for an organization to run smoothly and maintain a positive image. Having an ineffective code of ethics and conduct is almost like having none.
The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, regardless of its numerous strengths, the Code of Professional Conduct has some serious weaknesses. The accounting profession is constantly changing and making improvements. The first weakness in the Code of Professional Conduct deals with conflictions within the code due to the code being constantly updated (Dienhart, 1995). Dienhart, Lunday, and Tavani have all criticized professional codes because the directives cause conflictions with one another, whether it is direct or indirect. Rule 301 and SAS No. 99 are examples when the code is having conflicting standards. Rule 301, Client Confidential Information, states that professionals shall not