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Communication Is A Dynamic Process Composed By Multiple Elements And Steps

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Communication is a dynamic process composed by multiple elements and steps: a sender, encoding, messages, channels, noises, a receiver, decoding, the receiver’s response and feedback, and context. It may be intentional or unintentional and it is always influenced by factors such as time, topic and circumstances as well as one’s cultural background (Jandt, 1998: 27). Verbal communication is composed by sounds, words and language, which has a direct relationship with culture, as affirmed by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Non verbal communication is defined as “those actions and attributes that have socially shared meaning, are intentionally sent or interpreted as intentional, are consciously sent or consciously received, and have the potential for feedback from the receiver.” (Jackson, 2014: 124). These two types of communication are learnt over time and can be understood in different ways according to culture.
There is a strong connection between language and non-verbal codes in order to create an effective communication, since they both share symbols and behaviors learnt over time since primary socialization. Albert Mehrabian affirms, “93% of meaning is conveyed through nonverbal communication channels.” (Jackson, 2014: 101). The percentage is overestimated, but surely nonverbal codes have a fundamental role in communication. According to Charles Darwin in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, facial expressions are biologically determined and cannot be

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