Compare And Contrast Managerialism Of Public Administration

The theory of political control of bureaucracy is about whether appointed administrative employees should have flexibility and discretion to run day-to-day government operations, or whether government activities should be strictly controlled through a well-defined laws and policies implemented by elected officials (Fredrickson & Smith, 2003). Various models are used to represent differing degrees of control exercised by elected officials and appointed bureaucratic employees, and how much impute each group has into the formation and execution of policy (Fredrickson & Smith, 2003). Under the Theory of Bureaucratic Capture and Client Responsiveness bureaucracies

On a macro level, public administration and business management are similar in their overall functions. “At the broadest level, some organizational theorists contend that administration is administration whatever its setting, and that the problems of organizing people, leading them and supplying them with resources to do their jobs are always the same (Kettl, 2012, p. 38).” In his paper, “Public and Private Management: Are They Fundamentally Alike in All Unimportant Respects?,” Graham T. Allison explains that in comparing public and administration and business management, “it is possible to identify a set of general management functions (Allison, 2012, p. 4).” Regardless of their end goal, each administration must form strategies by setting goals, priorities and creating procedures. Public and private organizations must manage internal components by organizing staff, defining job responsibilities, hiring and managing personnel and creating budgets. Furthermore, they must manage external constituencies such as other agencies, the press and public (Allison, 2012, p. 5). His observations stem from Wallace Sayre’s famous words, “public and private management are fundamentally alike in all unimportant respects (DiIlulio, 1993).”

A public institution is different from a private one. With that being said one can’t expect them to do everything in a similar manner, but there are similarities that they share. This assignment aims to bring light to what those similarities and differences are and how public administration can be explained in order to give one understanding before we get deep into the topic.

We need bureaucracies in our society today because that is how most of our nation is managed, which is through bureaucratic organizations. The reason why we have bureaucratic agencies is to build the infrastructure of the country. We have over 100 agencies that support our country. Because we have so many organizations to manage this infrastructure I will only touch on three of them. “A bureaucracy is a governmental structure of a large organization, with other small-specialized programs, whether it is private or public” (Johnson). They also can be described as a hierarchy plagued by complex rules and “red tape”. But never the less we need these governmental programs for the safety, security and the

Public administration is something that the general public does not think about. In fact, many do not even probably know what it is. But what the public does not know is administration effects their everyday lives. Karl Marx described administration when he said “Administration is determined action taken in pursuit of a conscious purpose. It is the systematic ordering of affairs and the calculated use of resources aimed at making those happen which one wants to happen.”("What is Public Administration? - Meaning and its Definition")

Further, bureaucracies are considered as institutions that lack support from the people since their work is different from politics; they are not elected by the people, nor do they have to secure their performance in public like politicians. Thus, there might be lack of interest from public arena

In this report is to explain the main characteristics that make up the bureaucratic model as explained by the German sociologist and political economist Max Weber throughout, literature to review include internet, books, and websites.

Indeed, over 95% of democracies have implemented various forms of decentralization creating subnational governments sharing political, fiscal and administrative power with cen-tral governments (World Bank, 1999). Despite the wave of reforms in the recent past, it is in no a new phenomenon as such. The popularity and the long history of decentralization have brought unequalled research interests with it. However, to understand the underpinning of decentralization, it is of essence to firstly its concept.

The goals and methods of public administration have changed since Woodrow’s classification of traditional public administration in 1887 to the present era of new public administration. The management transformed from a bureaucratic system, marked by weak performance, and excessive rules and regulations to a democratic citizenship, marked by transparency, efficiency, and social equity. These changes have in turn refined the image of a public servant from the era of traditional PA to New PA.

Public Administration is a newly emerged discipline compare to other Social Science’s discipline. Public Administration has gained immense importance since the emergence of Administrative state. In Ancient Greek, Roman and Indian political system gave more importance to the concept of Administration. Kautilys’s “Arthasathra” contributed large scale in the administrative system; it deals every aspect of the state and its relation to subjects. In simple sense Public Administration is state mechanism. In every Political System administration have significant role.

New Public Management is the use of private sector and business approaches in the public sector in order to achieve efficiency, efficacy and quality in the delivery of public services. As a positive consequence of this, there have been increasingly positive changes through the reforms that have been implemented by New Public Management into the public sector. This paper will uncover these reforms by discussing the establishment, core principles and criticisms of New Public Management and what effect have its reforms had on the public sector.

The notion of development has become the world’s major concern since the last century. Many countries around the world are striving to alleviate themselves from underdeveloped countries. Thus, one of the main challenges is to create an efficient public management for their citizens. However, in order to do so government must emphasize on comparing those public management with other regions to succeed their goals. For three decades, comparative public management has become the key factors which drive a better governance. “Comparative” in terms of public management is basically meant to study structural mechanism and contexts that countries have in common. (Subramaniam, 2000). It is defined as a tool to analyze the weakness and strength of the government’s structure in order to cover their loophole across regional and global survey research (Wilson, 2011). The terms of “Comparative” also play an important role guiding what government should do in order to succeed in their structures, it also helps government to analyze the gaps of their national and social settings. Moreover, public management is currently becoming government’s main focus on achieving their goals in creating an effective good service delivery to their citizens (Pollitt & Bouckaert, 2004). This paper will examine comparable element in public management. Furthermore, the paper will identify the process, benefits and harmfulness of the comparison.

The government should implement organizational reform in public officials, which means that the human resource’s department should cut down the redundant staff. Based on the above analysis, the government spending will raise with the increase of government scale, the possibility of corruption is more likely to happen. Thus, it is necessary to cut down the number of public officials, which is the premise to reduce the degree of corruption. As Murphy (2014) suggests that the model of ‘Small Government and Big Society’ is beneficial to the effectiveness of government operation. The big scale of government largely results from the arbitrariness in government work (Aidis et al., 2012). The arbitrariness of government could use public funds to enlarge the scale of government, because the increase of public officials can share the workload on the former staffs. But as it stated before, the expansion of government scale will lead to corruption. Therefore, it should strengthen the force and effectiveness of law to manage public officials, the staffing should follow the legalized management system. The government cannot increase the number of public officials at will, the superior government and the public can regularly evaluate the government work and employee

The state and government are distinguished in terms of functions, structures, duties, composition and the nature of their powers. The state is permanent, whilst government changes, altered or modified and even overthrown. The state employs bureaucrats who employed based on merit and who are politically neutral to conduct its business whilst government consists of elected officials who represent partisan sympathies. The state is more extensive than the government. The state is characterized by state institutions, exercise of legitimacy, territorial association and sovereignty whilst government is composed of three arms namely legislature, executive and judiciary. However the state and government are interrelated as the

In order to understand a concept take it bit by bit, therefore before understanding public administration (PAD), administration has to be understood first. According to Heywood (2002:363)administration generally means the task of coordinating and executing policies, it implies assisting or serving others. All civil servants are involved in administration. He goes on to say Public Administration refers to the mechanisms and institutions through which public policies are put into effect.