Comparison of Genetic Information In Eukaryotes And Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes are more closely related to Archaea. They both share certain structural similarites that are not seen in bacteria. These similarites include introns, histones, several types of RNA polymerase, and methionine as the first amino acid in protein synthesis. Also, the comparison of nucliec acid sequences shows greater similarity between archaea and eukaryotes. Other evidence shows that the enzymes involved in processes such as transcription and translation are more closely related to in Eukaryotes and Archaea compared to bacteria. In both archaea and eukayotes replication takes place in multiples origin of replication sites compared to that of bacteria which replication only takes place in one origin of replication site. All of this evidence

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus.

“Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. Bacteria” - (AQA 2008)

Of course, prokaryotic reproduction is limited because cells eventually exhaust their nutrient supply, accumulate metabolic wastes, or are consumed by other organisms. Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than those of prokaryotes. They have a variety of internal membranes and structures, called organelles, and a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, which play an important role in defining the cell's organization and shape. Eukaryotic DNA is divided into several linear bundles called chromosomes, which are separated by a microtubular spindle during nuclear division. Nuclear division is often coordinated with cell division. This generally takes place by mitosis, a process that allows each daughter nucleus to receive one copy of each chromosome. In most eukaryotes, there is also a process of sexual reproduction, typically involving an alternation between haploid generations, wherein only one copy of each chromosome is present, and diploid generations, wherein two are present, occurring through nuclear fusion (syngamy) and meiosis. Eukaryotes have a smaller surface area to volume ratio than prokaryotes, and thus have lower metabolic rates and longer generation times.

One factor that every living thing has in common is that they are all composed of cells, the smallest structural and functional units of all organisms. Approximately two hundred different kinds exist, but the human body contains trillions. In all cells, there is a sheetlike boundary called a membrane that protects thousands of proteins, chromosomal DNA, called genetics, and other chemicals. Among cells are two distinct types with separately organized structures called prokaryotics and eukaryotics A nucleus, which carries genetics and determines the idenitity and function of a cell, exists in eukaryotes, along with many other organelles. Organelles are specially organized formations that allow cells to work properly. On the other hand, prokaryotes

A cell is defined as the smallest and most basic 8nit of life-microscopic, self-contained units enclosed by a water repelling membrane. The human body is composed of approximately 100 trillion cells. We also learned that a genome is the complete set of genes of an organism, or also known as genetic information. We learn that a gene is a segment of DNA that codes for distinct genetic characteristics, such as having O-type blood or a dimpled chin. The cell theory plays a large part in chapter 3 because chapter 3 is all about cells. Cell theory, is one of the unifying principle of biology. This concept has two main parts: Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all cells living today came from a pre-existing cell. The cell theory pretty much states that cells come from other cells, and that all individual cells are alive. It also states that all living and only living things are made of cells. We also learn about prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are any of one of the two major groups of living organisms. Only bacteria and archness are prokaryotes are prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are often known as “pre-nucleus” organisms. Prokaryotes are approximately ten times the size of eukaryotes, lack membrane bound organelle, and are the oldest fossils. Prokaryotes are approximately 3.5 billion years old. Eukaryotes are one of the two major groups of living organisms. They include animals, plants, fungi, and protists. These eukaryotes are known as “true-nucleus”. Eukaryotes are approximately ten times the size of prokaryotes, have membrane bound organelles, and are also the oldest fossils and are approximately 2.1 billion years

Eukaryotes have an enclosed nucleus with paired DNA. Intracellular structures in prokaryotes have plasma membrane and lacks sterols. Eukaryotes have sterols with plasma membrane. Both have a cell membrane. Prokaryotes have a cell wall.

Since the genetic resemblance of Prokaryotes is much lower than Eukaryotes and the gene isolation of Prokaryotes may take longer time to complete, the number of Prokaryotes we predicted

Both of them are composed of cells, which are surrounded by a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Both have flagella. Prokaryotes have protein building blocks, while Eukaryotes has multiple microtubules. Both have cell wall. On Prokaryotes it includes peptidoglycan and is chemically complex while in eukaryotes it is chemically simple. The DNA in prokaryotes exists in a space called nucleoid and it is circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA and it is organized into a higher-order structure. Both have ribosomes that are used for translation of RNA into proteins. Both of them can perform transport, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and movement. Although, they have similarities, most are carried out within organelles in eukaryotes.

cells. Evidence of endosymbiosis is exemplified through the salient similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria . Mitochondria and prokaryotic cells both possess identifiable cell membranes, with each mitochondrion having its own circular DNA genome (Purdom, 2006) that is similar to, but smaller than a bacteria's genome.This DNA is received by the offspring from

DNA occupies most of the remaining space inside a nucleus. DNA is inborn material that has the direction or the command to build proteins. Proteins are helping with most activity in the cells. Our DNA is arranged or structured in a systemic way into about 20,500 genes, basically instruction manuals for our bodies. Without all of these genes, our body would not be able to make proteins. Proteins are very necessary to make sure that everything in your body is working properly. The nucleus helps the cell to protect the very important DNA. More importantly, the nuclear envelope keeps your genes separate from the other things inside the cells. The things that make a eukaryotic cell are a defined nucleus. The nuclear envelope surrounded the nucleus and all of its materials. The nuclear envelope is like a membrane similar to the cell membrane around the cell. There are pores and spaces for RNA and proteins to pass through while the nuclear envelope keeps all of the chromatin and nucleolus

Eukaryotic cells - found in animals, plants and fungi. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is sectioned off from the cytoplasm in its own membrane compartment called the nucleus.

Eukaryotes are much larger than prokaryotes and consist of many organelles. In eukaryotic cells a nucleus is present. The nucleus within a eukaryotic cell houses the DNA. The DNA is bound to proteins and organized into multiple chromosomes. The DNA is linear in shape. Eukaryotic cells house many important organelles such as the plasma membrane, nucleolus, nucleus, chromosomes that are paired, ribosomes, lysosomes, vesicle, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, centrioles, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton. Eukaryotic cells reproduce through a process known as mitosis. During mitosis the nucleus divides itself. Once divided in half the nuclei becomes separate cells called cytokinesis. Some examples of eukaryotes are potatoes, grass, pine trees, algae, tapeworms, and

The definition of a ‘prokaryote’ is simply a single-celled organism with no nuclear membrane and consequently no membrane-bound organelles. It is therefore logical to assume that one would find a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in a eukaryotic cell. Although the expression is widely accepted by myriad biologists and microbiologists alike and has been since the ‘birth’ of the term, the word has come under much scrutiny due to its ‘negative’ definition; as in ‘prokaryote’ describes that the cell is lacking characteristic eukaryotic features rather than being defined in its own terms (Woese, 1994; Pace, 2006). This topic is highly

A Eukaryote Cell is any organism whose cells contain a Nucleus and structures within membranes. The Organised Nucleus with a nucleus envelope contains DNA and RNA. They have parts within the cell to make it a self-sufficient organism. Here is a diagram of an Animal and Plant cell: