Critically Analyse and Evaluate the Relationship Between Tourism and Development & Illustrate Your Arguments with Practical Examples from a Variety of Destination Areas.

Tourism has become a commercial business, which has obvious benefits to the said economy, the environment and society. Often, the positive economic impacts persuade governments, companies and individuals to get involved with the development of tourism. Tourism creates jobs, both

Tourism has taken a toll on many Native Hawaiians and is a huge human rights issue today. Most Hawaiians dislike tourism greatly due to the selfishness and greediness tourists bring to their home country. The pastor at a small rural church on the island of Kauai, Reverend Kaleo Patterson, has witnessed and dealt with numerous Hawaiians who struggle with the issues of tourism. Numerous vacation resorts that attract tourists have taken over gravesites of Hawaiians that have passed away. Due to this problem ancient Hawaiians have to partake in reburials. Tourism causes destruction to coral reefs and rivers because of mindless pollution. Reverend Patterson has protested and given public hearings in effort to acknowledge her fury on tourism. Tourism has brought an uncontrollable worldwide business that has no sympathy or thoughtfulness for the original people of Hawaii.

This finding was consistent with precedent studies that found that locals perceive tourism as a development that provides cultural identity and activity, cultural interchange and valuable meeting involvements with tourists. On the study Brida, Disegna and Osti (2014) conducted on a small mountain community located in the North-East of Italy, the study shows that residents without a direct economic benefit from tourism and with a negative perception of the socio-cultural tourism impacts are less disposed to fortify tourism development. Vadell, Armas and Taño (2014) conducted a study in Tenerife and Mallorca concludes overall results designate that critics accede more that tourism may make residents feel uncomfortable at home; on the other hand, they consider less that it avails in preserving local traditions, benefits in the disclosure of different cultures and additionally consider substantially less that tourism makes the local population

Over the last 60 years, tourism has benefited from continuous growth and diversification, becoming one of the largest as well as the fastest growing world’s economic sectors. Tourism becomes one of the major categories of global trade in services. Nowadays, 7% of global goods and services exports are contributed by international tourism, and for the last four years, it has grown faster than the general global trade.[ Exports from international tourism rise 4% in 2015, (2016, May 6). Retrieved from http://media.unwto.org/press-release/2016-05-03/exports-international-tourism-rise-4-2015]

Many people lack the knowledge of how some people live in other countries that aren’t as developed as the one we live in. The general population will only notice the beautiful tourist locations and iconic landmarks which persuade them to visit. What they are unable to see is the other people who can’t benefit from the tourisms industry and those who are employed i low paying but tough labor jobs. People can live in terrible conditions because of the lack of support or help their country can provide. In Guatemala for example over half of the children are malnourished especially the indigenous population. Income inequality is at the worst of the region where the poorest 10 percent consume only 1 percent and wealthiest 10 percent

destination and the development towards economical mass tourism along unmistakable natural , incremental and actuated directions. It was legitimate that consideration then ought to swing to the conceivable outcomes of practical mass tourism abetted by jafari's contextualization of both mass and elective tourism as economical choice under fitting circumstances and hunter's(1997) previously stated thought of manageability as versatile worldview with the solid and frail signs Jafari and Hunter both supplement and profoundly persuasive Brundland report, which eagerly grasped the attractive quality of development however restrictively as an alternate type

Tourism plays a vital role in economic development in most countries around the world. The industry has not only direct economic impact, but also significant indirect and influential impacts. There is agreement among experts that the travel and tourism sector is the fastest growing of global economy. According to the latest UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, international tourism receipts surpass US$ 1 trillion in 2011, growing about 3.8%up from 2010 (WTO, 2012).

The Indian tourism & hospitality industry has appeared as one of the significant drivers of growth among the various services sector of India. Tourism & Hospitality in India is a potential game changer .It is an emerging industry, an employment generator, an important source of foreign exchange for the country and an economic activity that helps local & host communities. In Indian the tourism industry has the potential to grow at a high rate and ensure consequential development of the infrastructure.

Another aspect of impact of tourism on a country’s economy is that it facilitates the expansion of the market of goods and services. Foreigners come to a country willing to spend money on different goods and services, thus increasing the amounts of sales. This is a great chance for producers and service providers to receive larger profits. This concerns not only hoteliers, tour operators, and souvenir shops owners. Public transportation, retail stores of different kind, restaurants, and cafes benefit from international tourism. Obviously, if these industries are in demand, businesses will be expanding. On the one hand, it means that more money is paid to the budget. On the other hand, profits generated by the owners are spent inside the country, affecting almost all the fields of the

Development: In the development stage, the number of tourist increases at an accelerated rate and may quickly equal or exceed the number of permanent local residents (Butler, 1980). This rapid growth is triggered when large tourism groups controlling tourism retail, lodging and

Slum tourism is becoming an emerging trend now, especially in developing countries. In fact, it has become one of the fastest growing market in the tourism industry. One of the reasons for that is due to the expansion of slum in developing countries. Frenzel et al., (2015) argue that as the number of locations has increased in the past 20 years, so has the number of tourists participating in slum tourism. They then presented a graph on the rise of slum tourism and the estimated numbers of tourists per year. It all begins in the 90s, where South Africa and Brazil had first developed slum tourism. It then moves to North America, where Mexico was involved in around 1995. During the early 20s, the expansion of countries arrived in Asia. The number of slum tourist destinations has continued increased and has later transformed into a type of tourism. This indeed could generate income especially with developing countries that are heavily rely on tourism. As Frenzel (2013) states that slum tourism could contribute to development by creating a variety sources of income and non-material benefits. These benefits are not actually benefiting the community but acts as a form of exploitation instead. As a result, this paper argues how slum tourism is being portrayed as a form of exploitation through poverty, the ethics in participating in slum tourism and how it does not lead to economic development.

From a differing perspective, there are also those who see the presumed economic benefits of globalization and tourism as being less than optimal for communities and individuals living in still-developing and post-colonial regions. Bowen, Zubair, and Altinay quote, “Moreover, Erisman (1983), in the West Indies, extends the notion of economic dependency to cultural dependency, in which the hosts perceive their own culture as subservient to the dominant tourist norms and values, and in which sociocultural integrity is lost.” The prior statement once again suggests that intrinsically, in developing regions, there is an economic dependence on CHT. Due to the economic dependence that exists within these regions, some hosts may feel as though their culture is subdued by dominant forces within tourism and CHT. As mentioned before, culture has the potential to be redefined through tourist norms and expectations.

The Travel and Tourism industry is still one of the largest single businesses in world commerce and its importance is widely recognized. The tourism industry is now one of the largest sectors earning foreign exchange. In the face of many benefits, many countries have started assigning due weight age to the tourism industry in their national development agenda. Tourism is an industry that operates on a massively broad scale: it embraces activities ranging from the smallest sea-side hotel; to air-lines, multi-national hotel chains and major international tour operators. Originally, non-traditional industries such as tourism emerged as a solution to strike a balance between ecology and industry

Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity in 2008, there were over 922 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 1.9% as compared to 2007. International tourism receipts grew to US$944 billion (euro 642 billion) in 2008, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 18%. This paper is purposed to explain about impact of tourism including advantages and disadvantages. This impact has occurred in some different countries.

In today’s competitive economies and with growth of tourism as a source of revenue managing destinations is an important and integral part of controlling tourism’s environmental impacts and promoting sustainable tourism in the region. Destination management includes planned business permits to organizations, land use planning, environmental and other regulations and various other methods for the development and operations of activities related to tourism. According to UNWTO “The programme for "Destination Management" is committed to respond positively to the growing need for systematic, multidisciplinary and intersectoral strategies for tourism at local, regional and national level and in particular to provide strategic guidance in destination management which is a recent conceptualization of a micro-level activity at national, regional and/or local level in which the tourism stakeholders carry out their individual and organizational responsibilities in a coordinated manner aiming to achieve the macro-level policies.” (United Nations World Tourism Organization)