Current Diagnostic And Treatment For Major Depressive Disorder Essay

Depression is a clinical condition associated with the normal emotions of bereavement and sadness. However, this condition does not pass on when the external causes of these emotions dissolve and is usually inconsistent to their cause. In essence, the classic severe conditions of depression have not been attributed to external precipitating cause. One of the most common conditions of depression is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which is a psychiatric condition that impairs moods, behavioral patterns, and thoughts for a protracted duration. This psychiatric illness tends to impair the patient’s social functioning and quality of life due to its impacts on cognitive functioning. Some of the most common symptoms of the condition include difficulty in concentration, weight change, minimal interest in pleasure, high rate of suicide, and physical impairment. The severity of this disease was evident in the year 2000 when the World Health Organization ranked it as the fourth cause of disability and premature death across the globe.

Depression is defined as “an alteration in mood that is expressed by feelings of sadness, despair, or pessimism” (Neeb’s, 397). There are seven types of depressive disorders which are major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, postpartum depression, major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern, substance-induced depressive disorder, depressive disorder associated with another medical condition, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Each type of depression has it’s own criteria for a patient to be diagnosed under. Depression often goes hand in hand with anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, and personality disorders (ATI, 97).

According to Barlow (2008), major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common depressive disorder and affects million of Americans each year. The symptoms experienced by individuals with MDD can be debilitating. The Global Burden of Disease Study, initiated by the World Health Organization, estimated depression to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world (Barlow, 2008). To further examine this, The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) found that each year roughly 13 million

Major Depressive Disorder or MDD is a very common clinical condition that affects millions of people every year. According to the Agency for Health Care Policy & Research, “ depression is under diagnosed & untreated by most medical doctors, despite the fact that it can almost always be treated successfully.

According to Klerman & Gershon et al (2013), there has been an increase in the prevalence of major depressive disorder within the last 70 years in the US. Even though a community studies of mental disorders have been situated in the United States of America previously in the completion of the World War 2, it was just in the early 1980s that a complete organized professional consultations were established to diagnose particular mental disorders (Comstock et al., 1976, Helgason T. 1964, Lin TY. 1953).

Depression affects close to 19 million Americans, 9.5% of the population in any one given one-year period. At some point in life 10% - 25% women and 5% -12% of men would probably become clinically depressed. Furthermore it affects so many people that it is regularly referred to as the mental illness “common cold”. It is predicted that depression exacts an economic cost of over $30 billion each year, but the value of human torment can’t be measured. Depression not only causes discomfort to those who are depressed, but in a like manner it causes misery for their friends and family who usually don’t know how to help. There are 9 categories of depression, the first type is called major depressive disorder this syndrome decreases a person’s ability to eat, sleep, work, and function as he or she typically would. It stops people from enjoying activities that used to be pleasurable, and it often makes them to think negative about the world and themselves. Major depression is generally debilitating and may occur in several occasions in a person’s lifetime. The second type of depression is called Dysthymic disorder and it is a moderate however more enduring type of major depression, someone with dysthymia may seem to be chronically mildly depressed to the point that it appears to be a factor of their personality is not common for someone to struggle with this condition

Major Depression is often described in superficial terms based on the manifestation of symptoms but falling short of capturing the complexity existing within the intrinsic etiology of the disease. It is one of two classifications of mood disorders with the other being Bipolar Disorder which is also known as manic-depressive illness. Major depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the United States. The lifetime prevalence rate of depression is 16.2% of the population with a two-fold greater risk in women than men after adolescence (McCance, 2010). Signs and symptoms characteristic of Major Depression include sadness, irritability, significant weight gain or loss, insomnia, guilt, and suicide ideation. It is distinguishable from Bipolar Disorder in that it lacks symptoms of mania. Risk factors associated with depression are stress, comorbidities, life changes, and substance and/or alcohol abuse. It is important to understand the relative risk associated with these risk factors when determining treatment. For example, the relative risk between the substance abuse, depression, and suicide is evident in a recent analysis conducted by The National Survey on Drug Use and Health focusing on the suicidal thoughts and behavior among adults with substance dependence or abuse and adults with major depressive episode. Results indicated that adults 18 or older who had past year substance dependence or abuse were 12.6 percent more likely to

What is major depressive disorder? Major depressive disorder is a psychiatric disorder documented in the DSM. Major depressive disorder interferes with an individual's normal functioning in everyday life and causes pain to the person with this disorder and to those close to the person. Individuals with major depressive disorder cannot just "pull themselves out" of this depression on their own and the symptoms accompanied with this disorder can last for weeks, months, and even years (Butcher, Mineka, and Hooley, 2013, p. 221-22). Recognizing the symptoms is critical because most people need treatment to get better.

More than three hundred and fifty million people globally are affected by depression, and it is of utmost importance to discover why they are depressed and how they can be assisted (Pietrangelo, 2015). Marion Leboyer has this to say about depression, “Major depression is associated with substantial social and even physical dysfunction, significantly more than some chronic medical conditions, eg, diabetes.” Bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and major depressive disorder are some forms of the incredibly debilitating disorder that leaves many individuals with a perpetual sense of gloominess (iFred, 2017). Depression can be seasonal, grief-induced, or caused by imbalances of chemicals in the brain

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental illnesses around the world. It is estimated that over 120 million people suffer from depression and it can be recognised in people as having episodes of low mood and a loss of interest in activities. MDD is a very disabling mental illness and highly costly in society. It is also referred to as clinical depression and it affects how you feel, think and behave. As a result it can lead to various emotional and physical problems (Cowen, Sharp, & Lau, 2013).

Depression affects many individuals worldwide, indiscriminant of race, gender or age. Depression is found across cultures, genders, with slight differing of symptomatology found worldwide (Burnett-Zeigler et al., 2012, p. 123; Cuijpers & Schoevers, 2004 p. 430; Watters, 2010). In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO), estimated that over 350 million people suffer from depressive symptoms worldwide. Accurate diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in other countries can be challenging, as individuals are not assessed regularly in primary care clinics. Across many cultures, somatic symptoms tend to be reported more frequently than emotional and behavioral symptoms, with treatment primarily prescribed for the physical symptom, which doesn’t address the individuals’ faulty beliefs, impacting feelings and behaviors. Not only are people suffering from the tremendous symptomology of depression, but increased deaths, due to suicide, frequent this population (Cuijpers & Schoevers, 2004, p. 420).

There have been many studies of stigma associated with mental disorders, however; only a minute of these have focused on what factors predict stigma associated with depression. It is believed that such information may be useful in order to target the groups that hold such attitudes. Also, this information may aid in the design of de-stigmatization programs and interventions to reduce stigma in people with depression. The aim of this research is to investigate a couple of potential predictors for depression stigma. The predictors that will be explored will be gender, depression literacy, and familiarity.

Major Depressive Disorder (also known as Major Depression, Clinical Depression): A depressed mood which disrupts your ability to, or decrease your interest in, carrying on normal life activities (like working, sleeping, studying and eating). It often lasts all day, for nearly every day, for two weeks. It is accompanied by at least four (or more) additional symptoms:

Major Depressive Disorder impacts many people worldwide. According to Devi et al. (2005), the disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness accompanied by emotional and physical withdrawal, all thought to result from molecular and cellular abnormalities that interact with genetic and environmental factors. To date, no concrete neurobiological explanation exists to completely define, diagnose and treat this illness. Depression debilitates patients, society and economies. An estimated 14.8 million Americans (6.7% of the population) suffer from this disease, costing the economy 83.1 billion US dollars annually (Cook et al., 2009). Those affected do not recover quickly and this proves a burden to one’s personal life, families and the healthcare system.

Depression is a normal emotional reaction to perceived loss and hopelessness (Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002). There are a number of different types of depression such as chronic depression, manic depression and the primary focus of this essay Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). MDD is a clinical depression, which is more chronic and more severe compared to other types of depression. It significantly disrupts the individual’s ability to meet the normal demands of life. According to many clinicians, clinical depression should be considered as a medical illness in need of medical intervention. Other mental health professionals believe this is an overstatement of the role of physiology and the