Curricular Epidemiology: Basilar Cellular

H. What is the function of the third ventricle, fourth ventricle, cerebellum and brain stem?

What are the two divisions of the ANS? Where are the neurons for each division located, and what is the major function of each division?

Write a brief description of the three slides (Neuron, Spinal Cord Smear and C.S of Myelinated Nerve Fibers) as though you were explaining it to someone who cannot see the slide.

What are the sensory components of this structure? What are the motor components of this structure?

1. What are the four lobes of the brain? What is each lobe responsible for?

23.The part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex and PROCESSES some sensory information before sending it to its proper area and is called the thalamus.

Discussion Questions: (Hint: Read the discussion of sensory and motor PATHWAYS in Chapter 15 and pay careful attention to where they cross over from right side to left side)

Get a brain diagram and describe the functions controlled by the brainstem. Why is this seen as the most primitive part of the brain?

He noted the parallel lines of the mesolobe (corpus callosum), afterwards minutely described by Félix Vicq-d'Azyr. He seems to have recognised the communication of the convoluted surface of the brain and that between the lateral cavities beneath the fornix. He described the corpora striata and optic thalami; the four orbicular eminences, with the bridge, which he first named annular protuberance; and the white mammillary eminences, behind the infundibulum. In the cerebellum he remarks the arborescent arrangement of the white and grey matter and gives a good account of the internal carotids and the communications which they make with the branches of the basilar

The sheep's brain is extremely similar to a human brain. For example, the diagrams below show a great amount of similarity. While they are facing opposite directions, it is obvious that the frontal lobes are both in the anterior part of the brain, and the cerebellums are in the posterior part of the brain. While it may not be as easy to recognize, both of the parietal lobes are superior to the temporal lobes. The occipital lobes are also both posterior to the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes. One difference in the two brains is the location of the cerebellum. While the sheep’s cerebellum is posterior to the occipital lobe, the human’s cerebellum is inferior to all of the lobes in the brain. The most obvious difference between the sheep

b.) What is the role of cortical brain regions (i.e., cerebellum, the anterior cingulate cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the right frontal operculum)

The spinal cord consists of a superficial White matter and a deep Gray matter. The white matter consists of myelinated axons, which form nerve tracts and the Gray matter consists of neuron cell bodies, dendrites and axons. The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is organized into ventral, dorsal and lateral columns. Each column is subdivided into tracts also called pathways. A collection of axon inside the CNS is called a tract but outside the CNS it is called a nerve.

Jay TM, Glowinski J, Thierry AM. Selectivity of the hippocampal projection to the prelimbic area of the prefrontal cortex in the rat. Brain Res. 1989;505(2):337-340.

The diencephalon encloses the third ventricle and is located in the forebrain. The major subdivisions that make up this structure are the thalamus, hypothalamus and the epithalamus. The thalamus is important in which it serves as a sensory and motor station within the brain. It receives sensory information and relays it to the cerebral cortex for interpretation. The thalamus also functions to regulate sleep patterns and control human consciousness and wakefulness. The thalamic nuclei have connections with the cerebral cortex in which they work together to fulfill the role of alertness. The hypothalamus is associated with the autonomic nervous system as well as the endocrine system. In the autonomic system, it serves as an involuntary system

1b. List and describe briefly the major structures of the brain, as presented in your textbook, including the function of those elements that are most related to psychoactive drug reaction.