Q1
Decision making (decision from Latin decidere "to decide, determine," literally "to cut off," from de- "off" and caedere "to cut") can be regarded as the mental processes (cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision making process produces a final choice.[1] The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. * |
Decision making stages
Developed by B. Aubrey Fisher, there are four stages that should be involved in all group decision making. These stages, or sometimes called phases, are important for the decision making process to begin
Orientation stage – This phase is where members meet for the first time and start to get to know each other.
Conflict
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Understand the role of Information.
Information can add value to your products and services. Improved information flows can improve the quality of decision making and internal operations. Yet many managers do not fully understand the real impact of information - the cost of a lost opportunity, of a poor product, of a strategic mistake - all risks that can be reduced by using the appropriate information.
2. Assign Responsibility for Leading your IRM Initiative.
Developing value from information resources is often a responsibility that falls between the cracks of several departments - the user departments in different business units, and corporate planning, MIS units or librarians..
3. Develop Clear Policies on Information Resources
Policies for ascertaining information needs, acquiring and managing information throughout its life cycle. Pay particular attention to ownership, information integrity and sharing. Make the policies consistent with your organisational culture.
4. Conduct an Information Audit (Knowledge Inventory).
Identify current knowledge and information resources (or entities), their users, usage and importance. Identify sources, cost and value. Classify information and knowledge by its key attributes. Develop knowledge maps. As knowledge management gains
In the third stage, the group develops solidarity. Team members understand each other’s trait and express personal opinions. In this phase norms and roles are established. “Neuman and Wright (1999) described this as a stage of developing shared mental models and discovering the most effective ways to work with each other” (Bonebright, 2010, p. 114). Tuckman (1965) stated that in this phase, the team becomes an entity because members develop in-group feeling and seek to maintain and immortalize the group as a result the conflicts are avoided for effort to ensure
The decision making process includes cognitive processes that eventually lead to a choice in action while taking into consideration the alternative possibilities (Allen, Dorozenko, & Roberts, 2016). Not all choices have to lead to an action. The values and preferences of the person making the choice also comes into play when making the final decision. Problem-solving to obtain a certain goal or satisfactory by a solution is the main reason people go through the decision making process (Stefaniak, & Tracey, 2014). This process has many factors that end with one final result or solution. The decisions made can be rational or irrational and can be determined by explicit or tacit knowledge (Qingyao, Dongyu, & Weihua, 2016). Since the decision making process can be very difficult at time, psychologists have viewed the process in different perspectives to get a better understanding (Rossi, Picchi, Di Stefano, Marongiu, & Scarsini, 2015). The different perspectives include; psychological, cognitive, and normative or communicative rationality.
The forming and orientation stage of the group is the initial step of getting the group started. Gladding (2012) outlines seven steps that make up the forming stage of group development. First, one must develop a basis for the group.
At this stage, the group begins to realize the more positive points of individuals within the group, which promotes the development of trust and respect which begins to build group cohesion. The next stage is the performing stage, which is typical of high-performing teams that are able to function as a group and figure out various options to get the job done smoothly and effectively without supervision. The final stage is the adjourning phase, which is the final step in completing tasks and breaking up the team.
Decision making is defined as "the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives" (Decision Making, 2006, para. 1). Decisions are made continually throughout our day.
Information is the key to any organization in the world today; it is what makes an organization successful, accurate and proficient in an increasingly competitive market. Without information a company is powerless, it does not know its customer or understand them,
Stage one is typically known as the forming phase, in which the group tends to look towards the leader for guidance, in an attempt to keep things simple and avoid controversy. Mostly throughout the beginning,
In the third stage the norms in group are formed, team is adapting to the leader. Positions and roles are clarified and the team move forward, they participate
There will be high dependence on the leader to start the conversation and the individual roles and responsibilities will be unclear. The leader must be ready to answer a lot of questions from the rest of the group about the purpose of the team. In this scenario everyone will be polite to each other and welcome each other happily.
In the previous section we determined the impact of management information on decision making process within an organisation. One of the Critical Success Factors (CSF) that enables effective decision making is “Information sharing”. This allows managers to take the right decision at the right time.
STAGE 4, discussion of strategy options: This is when the team brainstorms possible interventions for the student and decides and best intervention(s). For example, modification in behavior management. The
The ability to manage information plays a critical role in developing a firm’s capabilities in customer relationship management, process management and performance management (Mithas, 2011).
Introduction: The following assignment explores the importance of using information to inform and support strategic decision making to achieve organisational goals and objectives as set out by unit learning outcomes (LO) pertaining to this unit 7004. These four learning outcomes are to: LO1: Be able to understand the impact of management information on decision making; LO2: Be able to understand the importance of information sharing within the organisation; LO3: Be able use information to inform and support strategic decision making; and LO4: Be able to monitor and review management information. In order to achieve these learning objectives, the writer has drawn upon from his practical work
The Woodson foundation needs to understand all five stages in order to be successful. The stages are a useful framework for understanding group development (274). If they understand the five stages they eventually achieve their goal. Each stage plays an important role in the project. A understand of these stages promotes cohesiveness and measures progression. Once they look back from stage 5 to stages 1&2 they realize how the differences became similarities for the common goal.
Decision making can be described as a process of making a decision or decisions, based on choices made amongst two or more competing course of actions. The ‘Decision making’ also requires making a define choice between two or more alternatives course of actions that are available.