Designer Babies and Fertilization Problems

Imagine a syndrome that can cause you, or a woman you know, to be infertile, depressed, anxious, obese, or hirsute, along with many others. Polycystic ovary syndrome can cause all of these issues in a woman who is affected by the condition. If it is not treated properly or on time, it could lead to other serious medical issues that could even be life threatening. Polycystic ovary syndrome, otherwise known as PCOS, is not a commonly known syndrome and many women affected by it are not diagnosed or treated for it. PCOS is a major medical problem that is affecting five to ten percent of the female population in the U.S. and many more across the globe (American Diabetes Association, 2014). This syndrome must become better known in the near future so that women with PCOS can take better control and care of their own body.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is "the perfect hormonal storm." (PCOS,2016) What is PCOS? PCOS is commonly known as polycystic ovary syndrome, this is a health problem that can affect many things for women. Polycystic means cysts and can often cause clusters of small, pearl sized cysts in the ovaries. The cysts are fluid filled and contain immature eggs. Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. Infertility is one of the most common symptoms along with the menstrual cycle, hormones, heart and of course the blood vessels. “How many women have PCOS? 1 in 10 and 1 in 20 women of childbearing age have PCOS. As many as 5 million women

The number one cause of infertility in women is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It is an endocrine disorder, which affects 7%, or one out of fifteen, women in the population. CITE Although reducing body weight by 10% has shown to improve frequency of ovulation and chances of conception, this is one of the few nonmedical interventions a women can try in order to improve the possibility for pregnancy. All other forms of treatment require a medical or pharmaceutical

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous collection of signs and symptoms that together for a spectrum disorder with a mild presentation in some but a severe in others. The pathophysiology of PCOS appears to be multifactorial and polygenic. (Fox, 2011)

According to PubMed Health, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which women possess abnormally high level of male hormones. The high hormone levels lead to risks of irregular or absent menstrual cycles, insulin resistance, ovarian cysts, issues related to the circulatory system, obesity, heart disease, diabetes and etc. Symptoms differ between each woman therefore, despite research data collected showing that PCOS affects 5-10% of women between the age of 18-44, there are many women who live their lives unaware that they have PCOS. The most common symptoms include: absences of ovulation, high levels of androgen present, and abnormal hair growth. The cause of PCOS is still unknown as more research is much-needed to better understand the disorder.

The two most common are Cushing Syndrome and Amenorrhea. “Cushing syndrome occurs when your body is expose to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a long time.” (Mayo Staff Clinic, 2016, p.1) There are several symptoms that Cushing Syndrome shares with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Some of the symptoms are: weight gain, acne, hirsutism and/or irregular or absent menstrual periods. Evidently, the two diseases share similar symptoms. Another disease that shares similarities with PCOS is Amenorrhea. It is when one or more menstrual cycles are missed or the absence of menstruations. Some of the symptoms are: hair loss, excess facial hair and acne. Amenorrhea, also,

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately seven to eight percent of women of childbearing age. While the cause of PCOS is still unknown, it is believed to be a genetic disorder. Often a mother or sister of a woman affected will exhibit symptoms similar to PCOS. Due to the change in the levels of estrogen and progesterone, during ovulation mature eggs are not released which begin to form very small cyst within or on the ovary. These cysts cause infertility. Women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome can overcome infertility through weight loss, laparoscopy (ovarian drilling), medicinal treatment or in vitro fertilization (IVF).

The condition Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most common of endocrine disruptions within women of reproductive ages. The disorder does affect as much as 10% of women within this reproductive lifecycle. The clinical and biochemical features of the condition are diverse and are as follows: fertility disruption, overweight/obesity, irregularities in menstruation (frequent, absent, sporadic) insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Jeanes &Hart &Smith & Barr, 2009). The exact aetiology of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unknown but does involve both environmental influencers and genetic factors. In summery Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition associated with metabolic dysfunction, infertility, and hyperandrogenism. Treatment for PCOS includes diet and lifestyle changes in order to promote a healthy body mass index (BMI) and further reduce hyperinsulinaemia (a symptom of the condition). Medications such as metformin/Glucophage might be utilized for management of the presenting symptoms. PCOS symptoms at present-day can only be managed and no cure for Polycystic ovary syndrome available. (Jeanes &Hart &Smith & Barr, 2009).

This paper will discuss a chronic endocrine disorder known as polycystic ovarian syndrome also known as PCOS. “This syndrome is common among women who are

Polycystic Ovarian syndrome was first characterized in the 1930’s and was called Stein Leventhal syndrome. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos) starts with the appearance of many painless cysts on the ovaries. In females with polycystic ovarian syndrome the ovaries are larger than that of a non polycystic ovarian syndrome female. Pcos has various signs and symptoms which all come from an imbalance of certain hormones affecting the female reproductive system. Doctors have done various tests and studies on polycystic ovarian syndrome some say that the syndrome comes from hormonal imbalances where as some state that this disorder comes from certain genes within the family tree, as well as environmental factors. Thus far there are no direct causes; the syndrome itself has various hormones that come into play.

Radiologic abnormalities on an ultrasound would show polycystic ovaries. Polycystic ovaries are the formation of clusters of pearl-sized cysts containing immature eggs in the ovaries. In healthy women, a follicle grows and at the time of ovulation, an egg is released into the Fallopian tube. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, the development of the follicle is arrested and the egg does not burst forth. Therefore, the egg dies and the follicle becomes a cyst that remains in the ovary (Banning 635-636).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal endocrine disorders in women. This syndrome includes multiple cysts in your ovaries that are filled with fluid. It can be easily seen on an ultrasound when there is a string of pearls(cysts) on your ovaries. Many women experience infrequent periods, weight gain, elevated hormone levels and type 2 diabetes.

Endometriosis affects 10% of reproductive-age women (Yale School of Medicine). It affects nearly 176 million women, ranging from 15-49, all over the world (World Endometriosis, 2011). “Endometriosis is an often painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — grows outside your uterus (endometrial implant) (Mayo Clinic, 2013)” It most commonly involves your ovaries and the lining of the pelvis, but in extreme cases can spread to other parts of the body. The displaced tissue continues to act like it normally would in the uterus, thickening and breaking down with each menstrual cycle. Since the displaced tissue has nowhere to go, it becomes trapped with no way to get out (Mayo Clinic, 2013).

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a medical condition that caused by the abnormalities in the sex hormone (progesterone and estrogen) level in a woman. It is commonly associated with the reduced and infrequent menstrual flow, high BMI (Body Mass Index), and at times, subfertility. Many women suffering from PCOS may have a higher level of Luteinizing Hormone (male hormone) along with variable degrees of the Insulin resistance. PCOS may lead to the development of ovarian cysts and may conflict with the women’s cardiac function, appearance, menstrual cycle, and fertility.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism. Hyperinsulinemia, in particular, facilitates excess weight gain and excess central abdominal adiposity in not all, but many women afflicted with this condition. In addition, PCOS increases the risk for cardiovascular complications, development of type 2 diabetes and significant insulin resistance, and increases the risk for metabolic syndrome (1,2). Infertility is an additional complication associated with this complex, multi-faceted endocrine disorder.