Determining the Effect of Arousal on the Heart Rate and Blood Pressure of Adolescent Males

(Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, p 703) defined Blood Pressure (BP) as ‘the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood, and is expressed in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)’. BP is still one of the essential and widely used assessment tools in healthcare settings. Nurses generally record the arterial BP which is the forced exerted blood that flows through the arteries, to establish a baseline and to determine any risk factors. BP

2.1 The heart is simple a pump which forces the blood around our bodies through the pipe work we call our arteries and veins. We can measure this force on our vascular system by measuring our blood

1.  Blood pressure is the force of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. The pressure of blood in the arteries correlates directly to the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the amount of resistance in the

If the resistance increases, cardiac output decreases and the blood pressure increase and if the resistance decreases, cardiac output increase and the blood pressure decreases. During each contraction, the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle is stroke volume. The number of heartbeat in each minute is known as heart rate. The normal heart rate value for adult is 60-100 beats per minute. The cardiac output is directly proportional to the stroke volume and heart rate. The average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle is mean arterial pressure (MAP), which is directly related to the cardiac output and resistance. The instrument sphygmomanometer with an air cuff attached to the reservoir is used to detect blood pressure associated with the pulse.

A sphygmomanometer was used to measure the blood pressure and heart rate of the subject. First, the basal heart rate and blood pressure for each subject was collected by taking the mean of the data on the left arm from three

There are many events known to increase blood pressure, including exercise, getting excited or frightened etc., which is the pressure of blood on the walls of blood vessels, measured in systolic and diastolic pressure (mmHg), and heart rate, which is the rate of the relaxation and contraction phases of the heart (BPM). (Weedman 2015.) Whether it be scary movies, extensive exercise, or as researchers conducted in one experiment, they related increased blood pressure and heart rate to air travel and air pressure, and those being one of the main reasons medical emergencies on airplanes occur.

Blood pressure (BP) as defined by Marieb and Hoehan (as cited in Peate & Wild, 2012) is the pressure that the blood puts on the blood vessel walls as the blood travels around the body controlled by the heart. The strength of the blood pushing on the blood vessel wall is the BP reading. According

Nearly 100,000 beats per day, or about 37 million beats per year; most of the time you are unaware that your heart does this (“WebMD”). The question is, what is the difference between your resting heart rate, compared to your scared heart rate. For the age group tested (12-16 year olds) their healthy heart rates could vary between 70 and 100 beats per minute. The importance of this project is knowing if you are “pushing” yourself too hard, and to know if certain things trigger unhealthy problems, like horror movies. The hypothesis stated is, if you scare a person from a resting heart rate to a scared heart rate their heart rate will increase because adrenaline is released into the blood.

In healthy individuals, heart rate can be lowered 2 to 5 beats per minute during short-term relaxation interventions (Paul 1969; Melville, Chang, Colagiuri, Marshall, and Cheema 2011; Wallace, Benson, and Wilson 1971; Schandler and Grings 1976). Relaxation interventions can lower blood pressure 6 mmHG to 14 mmHG in systolic blood pressure (Melville et al 2011; Schandler and Grings 1976) and respiration rate can be lowered by 2 to 4 breaths per minute in healthy patients (Benson 1993; Paul 1969; Melville et al 2011; Wallace et al 1971).

It is the measurement of the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls. A blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope is what are used to measure this. While taking you blood pressure two numbers are recorded; Systolic pressure and Diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the higher number that refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body. Diastolic pressure is the lower number and refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. Having high blood pressure can increase the risk of coronary heart disease (i.e. heart attack, stroke).

Answer: Hemodynamics is an essential part of cardiovascular physiology dealing with the forces that govern the blood flow in various segments of the cardiovascular system (Wade, 2013). The pumping action of the heart makes pulsatile blood flow, which flows into the arteries, through the micro-circulation and finally, returns via the venous system to the heart. In the course of each heartbeat, systemic arterial blood force varies among a systolic and diastolic pressure. Blood flow ensures the transportation of nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes, O2 and CO2 all over the body (Wade, 2013). These sustain cell-level metabolic rate, the regulation of the pH, osmotic pressure

Blood pressure is a force applied by blood that push against the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that send oxygenated blood to the heart and throughout the rest of the body. To calculate blood pressure, use a blood pressure machine which shows the two types of pressures, systolic and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure happens when the heart is decreasing and diastolic pressure is the pressure the occurs when the heart expands. Systolic pressure is always over diastolic pressure and the average is 120/80 mmHg. (S. Jose, E-12) Blood pressure is measured in mmHg which stands for millimeter of mercury.

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

With the information found with what a patient’s blood pressure is, it helps health care providers understand the state of the patient’s health. A patient’s blood pressure measures the amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls in the patient’s heart. Blood pressure is measured in two numbers: systolic and diastolic. Systolic, the number listed first in blood pressure readings, reports the amount of force exerted by the blood into the arteries during ventricular contraction.

The woozy feeling when standing up too quickly. After going for a run, feeling as if one more beat and the heart would project itself out of the chest. Or quite the opposite and being in a very relaxed state. These are all changes one experiences at some time or another. What causes the different feelings and how each variable affects pulse rate and blood pressure has many wondering. Because of this curiosity, an experiment was performed to get some answers.