1. The drive-reduction theory assumes that humans possess bodily necessities, such as food. Additionally, when without the necessities, the drive to receive those necessities occurs, such as hunger. The drive makes humans try to lessen the need. To lessen the reoccurring food example, one would have to eat. The arousal theory states that once aroused, humans enliven or stiffen. Additionally, without the motivation built upon necessities, curiosity then causes humans and animals to explore and investigate. If humans have fulfilled their physiological and biological requirements to survive, they hunt for arousal elsewhere. Furthermore, the hierarchy theory refers to Abraham Maslow’s pyramid of human needs. The pyramid breaks up into six sections, …show more content…
Physiological needs exist at the base and exist as hunger or thirst. The next need refers to safety needs. Those refer to the feelings of safety, security, and stability. Order and law well exemplify safety needs. The next section of the pyramid, belongingness and love needs, discusses humans need for love, belonging, and acceptance. Friendships exemplify this level of belongingness and love needs. Esteem needs, self-actualization needs, and self-transcendence needs make up the top three sections of the pyramid. Esteem needs refer to the need for self-esteem. Self-respect and respect from others exemplify esteem needs. Self-actualization needs discuss living up to one’s capabilities in life. Fulfilling one’s potential in life exemplifies self-actualization needs. Finally, self-transcendence needs refer to one’s need for identity outside of themselves. For example, this can occur …show more content…
The Zajonc theory of emotion states that reactions base off of the automatic track of the two-track mind. Additionally, the LeDoux theory of emotion bases off of the same belief as Zajonc. It states that emotions can take a shortcut to the amygdala by completely ignoring the cortex. This causes the quick emotional reaction before the human mind can even target the cause. Furthermore, the amygdala allows feelings to alter and manipulate the way humans think about the emotions they feel. Finally, the Lazarus theory of emotion also stated unconscious processing of events caused emotion, but assessment of the situation consciously allowed humans to understand what they react to, even if they do not have a cognitive awareness of it (Myers, DeWall
On the other, the existential/humanistic perspectives came up with self-actualization which is the innate process where one tends to grow spiritually and realize one’s potential (). These hierarchy of needs have five levels, namely; physiological needs, safety and security needs, the need for love and belonging, esteem needs, and the
Psychologist Abraham H. Maslow is the developer of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The theory covers human behavior in terms of basic requirements for survival and growth (Cengage, 2002). The theory was developed in the early 1960’s. During this time psychology was taken over by two different views. One side was the human behavior and the other one was the behaviorist. Maslow explained that psychoanalysts had not accomplished the task to consider the behavior of healthy humans. He also mentioned that many subjective experiences that related with human behaviors were being ignored by behaviorist. In the beginning Maslow examined motivations and experience of many healthy individuals. He recognized that there are many requirements in this theory that are important for human survival and to help motivate individuals. He conceptualized different human needs as a pyramid with five levels in
Abraham Maslow’s theory, Theory of Hierarchy Needs, is a motivational theory in psychology that has a tier model of the five things a human needs. Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over others. The five stages, from bottom to top, include Physiological needs( food, water, warmth, and rest), the second stage: Safety Needs ( security and safety), third stage: Belongingness and love needs ( intimate relationships and friends), the fourth stage: Esteem Needs (prestige and feeling of accomplishment), and finally the last stage: Self-actualization ( achieving one’s full potential, including creative potential). The five stage model can be divided into
The four major theories of emotion are the James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, the Schacter-Singer theory, and the Lazarus theory. The James-Lange theory claims that an event first causes physiological arousal and also a physical response. It is not until then that the person interprets the physical response as an emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that emotion -provoking stimuli are received by the senses and are then relayed simultaneously to the cerebral cortex, which provides the conscious mental experience of the emotion, and to the sympathetic nervous system, which produces the physiological state of arousal. The Schacter-Singer theory states that for an emotion to occur there must first be a physiological arousal, and second there must be an explanation for the arousal. The Lazarus theory is the theory that an emotion-provoking stimulus triggers a cognitive appraisal, which is followed by the emotion and physiological arousal. The most valid theory of emotion is the Cannon-Bard theory. He says that being afraid of something not only constitutes emotional fear, but it also brings about a rapid heartbeat. Concurring with the Cannon-Bard theory, we have a many different nerve systems within the human body that can be triggered simultaneously. This theory is more valid then the rest simply because of the adrenaline that is release into your body when excited or in the mist of eminent danger. The
The psychological needs are somatic (i.e. they relate to the body not the mind) and
According to Zalenski & Raspa (2006), the first level of needs is physiologic such as the need for food, air, and water. The second level encompasses safety needs, which including security, stability, protection; freedom from fear, anxiety, and chaos. The third level of need is belonging and love. The fourth level is the need for esteem, which is affected by the environment and related to societal recognition. The fifth level is the need for self-actualization, which is about the unique potential in
Drive reduction theory is a theory that states: a physiological need creates a drive, or an aroused tension state, which motivates an organism to satisfy a need. The main goal of this theory is for the organism to retain homeostasis. To sum it up, if an organism has a lack of a need, the brain is going to do what it can do to be able to restore the body to a steady internal state A.K.A homeostasis. For example Joe is starving and this is a drive that causes him to want to eat and not concentrate. Because his brain wants to retain homeostasis, it does everything possible to get him back to homeostasis.
Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist and at the forefront of the humanist movement in psychology, proposed a theory concerning basic human motivations that are based upon a hierarchy of needs. (Boeree 1998, 2006) Often described or pictured as a pyramid, basic physiological drives like thirst, hunger and sleep, as well as the need for safety, shelter and some feeling of security are the motivational needs that occupy the bottom tiers of the pyramid.. They provide the foundation for higher levels of needs to become present and available that the individual is aroused or driven to attain. Once those physiological and safety needs are met then the individual looks to love and be loved, to belong
Physiological needs, such as food and shelter, are followed by needs related to safety. Next, there are needs of love and belonging. Fourth, humans have needs of esteem, such as the need for being respected. The final need in the hierarchy is the need for self-actualization (fulfilling one's potential). The hierarchy suggests that basic needs must be met prior to less basic needs; for example, a starving person will seek food before self-actualization.”(Maslow,
Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model is implemented off a hierarchal pyramid which is renowned as one the most motivational theories, it is mainly incorporated with business dynamics, and it can also be used when relating to cultural diversity. Maslow 's hierarchy outlines in a hierarchal order as drawn upon by (Patrick.A.G, 2003) quoted by Maslow that the needs are ' 'Physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization ' '. The physiological needs are the basis that an individual will attain such as, basic human needs which incorporate survival, food and shelter. After the physiological needs have been met, safety and security is the next priority need on the hierarchy,
With the evaluation of the hierarchy of needs it represents that positive interpersonal relationships are at the core of existence just as much as physiological needs. Since the basis of human existence is supported by the hierarchy of needs its important to discuss what happens when aspects of this is non-existent i.e interpersonal relationships.
Esteem needs include recognition for your work, self-confidence and respect, in addition to challenging tasks, a chance at advancement, and satisfaction of completing the task. Once the proceeding needs have been properly fulfilled, you may next achieve self-actualization. Self-actualization is the final need because it is taking what you have and your skills and further improving through advancement. The needs hierarchy can apply to anyone because these are the needs that power us to forge through a tough week or to show ourselves just how far we can go.
In other words, once an individual’s basic needs like food, water, warmth, safety, and stability are taken care of, they are now motivated to establish meaningful relationships with other people. The fourth ladder of needs is self-esteem. This means meeting the need to be perceived as competent, confident, independent, having social status, appreciation, and recognition.
2. Maslow theory hierarchy of needs? Physiological- Basic needs or body needs; food, water, shelter, sex, and other. Safety = security and protection. Social = Affecton, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship. Esteem = Internal factors such as self-respect, autonomy and achievement. Self-actualization = Drive to be all we
The behaviour of an individual at a particular moment is usually determined by his strongest need. Psychologies claim that needs have a certain priority. As the more basis needs are satisfied, an individual seeks to satisfy the higher needs. If his basic need sere not met, efforts to satisfy the higher need should be postponed.