Drosophila Melanogaster Lab Report

MacKay JO, Soanes KH, Srivastava A, Simmonds A, Brook WJ, Bell JB. An in vivo analysis of the vestigial gene in Drosophila melanogaster defines the domains required for Vg function. Genetics. 2003;163(4):1365-1373.

When examining the D. Melanogaster mutants in the lab, our group immediately noticed an apparent difference from the wild-type flies. None of the mutants were able to fly. This led us to believe that we were dealing with a wing mutation. Upon further examination, we concluded that it was the overall wing shape that prevented the mutants from flying. The wing shapes among the mutants varied in both size and shape. Some were long, while others were short. The mutant wings could be distinguished into two general classes. One division of the mutant wing was short and stubby, almost a fourth the size of the wild-type wing. The rest of the mutants ranged in wing size and length, however many mutant wings were the same length as the wild-type wings. Although the

Gain of function (ectopic expression in the developing haltere epithelium) of each of these genes changes the haltere of the fly into a second set of wings: double-wings phenotype (GOF).

Sturtevant, A. H. 1913. The linear arrangement of six sex-linked factors in Drosophila, as shown

The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is the model organism when it comes to studying genetics; for over 100 years, it has been used as one of the few model organisms in the scientific community (Twyman, 2002). The reason behind this and why scientists continue to choose to study Drosophila is because of the amount of scientists that have done so and it is well documented on how to treat a fly in a laboratory setting (Twyman, 2002). They are also small and easy to feed. This means that it would be easy to work with a large amount of them without being concerned about taking up too much space, food, or

The F2 Drosophila produced from crossing the wild-type offspring of the parental cross wild-type males and no-winged females. The F2 generation consisted of 38 wild-type females and 35 wild-type males, totaling 73 Drosophila. There were also 16 no-winged females and 11 no-winged males, totaling 27 Drosophila. Therefore, the total number of Drosophila counted was 100. The phenotypic ratio was 3:1, wild-type: mutant. If the mutation were autosomal recessive the F2 generation’s hypothesized phenotypic ratio would be 3:1, wild-type: mutant. If the mutation were autosomal dominant the F2 generation’s hypothesized phenotypic ratio would be 1:3, wild-type: mutant. The expected ratio for the F2 generation was 3:1, wild-type: mutant. When chi-square

Five specific genes are cv, cv-d, cv-c, cv-2, and Dhc16F. cv is named crossveinless and is located at 1-13.7. It is a BMP binding protein that can repress BMP signaling. cv-d is named crossveinless d and located at 3-65. This binding protein decreases the amount of BMP signaling. cv-c is named crossveinless c and is located at 3-54.1. It is a necessary protein for BMP signaling and transport. cv-2 is named crossveinless 2 and is located at 2-96.2. It is a BMP binding protein that increases and decreases the effect of BMP signaling. All of these genes were chosen because they affect the presence of the anterior and posterior crossveins on the Drosophila melanogaster wing. Dhc26F is named Dynein heavy chain at 16F. It is located at 1-59.1. Dhc26F is a motor protein that is used to convert ATP into energy. It was chosen because it consists of the phenotype of a crossveinless-like gene that also affects the presence of the anterior and posterior crossveins on the Drosophila melanogaster

S., Boyd, J. B., Carpenter, A. T. C., Green, M. M., Nguyen, T. D., Ripoll, P., Smith, P. D. 1976. Genetic controls of meiotic recombination and somatic metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceeding National Academy of Science 73(11): 4140-4144.

Scientist use Drosophila melanogaster because they reproduce very rapidly and have shorter generations. These characteristic of being able to go through many generations in a short amount of time combined with its resemblance in behavior and development to a human made it a good candidateto use this organism to study genetics.

Drosophila melanogaster is a small fruit fly that feeds on fruit and the fungi growing on spoiled fruit. Fruit flies have been used in the research end of the scientific community for over a century due to their interesting physical and behavioral characteristics, their practicality and small size, and their short life cycle of about fourteen days. Its behavior has been the focus of many experiments, beginning with Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1907, and continues today in the laboratories of high school classrooms. In this experiment we are investigating the relationship between a model organism, Drosophila, and its response to different environmental conditions. Our results from the chi-square analysis data all showed signs of our observed fly count

A transformation was performed so a vast quantity of the recombinant plasmid DNA might be obtained. There was a total of six transformations performed from four DNA ligations (excluding the fifth ligation). All six transformations were then incubated on ice for five minutes, followed by a heat shock, which came from putting the transformations in a 42-degree Celsius heat block for two minutes. Afterwards, the transformations were incubated on ice for another two minutes, then placed in a 37-degree Celsius incubator overnight, then plated. All the transformations included E.coli and luria broth, but differed in their other growth mediums. The first transformation consisted of the 1:1 molar ratio of pET-41a(+) to egfp ligation, kanamycin and

Plasmids are small DNA atoms that are found in the nucleus region of a bacterium. They provide an extra assistance to a bacterium that allows them to survive and reproduce in certain environments, such as making the bacteria resistant to specific antibiotics. In the experiment being conducted, plasmids pUC18 and lux will be tested to determine the different types of growth with Escherichia coli present. In order to do this, CaCl2 was transferred into a tube with E.coli and incubated for 10 minutes. Different measurements of micro liters of various substances are added to the test tubes and later incubated for 15 minutes. A separate test tube is collected, labeled and added its corresponding micro liters of the competent cells. Once this is

With Drosophila melanogaster being an excellent paradigm for research in gene expression and exploration, many genetic tools have been created in order to utilize the fruit fly’s valuable characteristics in both spatial and temporal control of gene expression. Numerous tools used to study D. Melanogaster derive from the UAS-GAL4 gene expression system, and the system has proven to be quite simple in terms of spatial control of gene expression. When using the UAS-GAL4 system for temporal control, however, things get a little more complicated, and thus a modified version of this system was created. This gene expression system is known as the GeneSwitch GAL4 system, in which an adapted GAL4 protein is fused to a progesterone steroid, and GAL4

After the second Drosophila cross, the phenotypes of 100 F2 Drosophila were scored, rather than 200 phenotypes as described in the GENE222 Laboratory manual. 100 phenotypes were scored because less than 200 Drosophila were produced by the second cross, and 100 phenotypes was a convenient amount for further analysis.

Based on the above mentioned observations, it can be concluded that the quality and genetic diversity of the DGRP (Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel) has made it suitable for an international analyses of transcription factor binding sector variation. It has also been understood that this information is unlikely to elicit a prohibitive bias and that TFBS are functional constraints and can be tolerated so that, possible buffering effects