Chemical Reaction Rate in Relation to Duration of Enzyme Presence
I. Purpose: A solution of hydrogen peroxide will be combined with a solution of enzyme catalase, to be continuously agitated for different stretches of time until enzyme activity is halted by the addition of hydrogen sulfate. The rate of H₂O₂ decomposition of each trial will be measured and compared. II. Problem: How does the amount of time given for an enzyme solution to catalyze affect the reaction rate of a substance? III. Hypothesis: If enzymes are allowed more time to catalyze chemical reactions, they will have a higher the rate of reaction. IV. Materials:
10 mL graduated cylinder
1 mL graduated pipette
Two syringes
Two 50 mL beakers
White sheet of paper
1.5%
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Pour the contents of the pipette into the beaker and set a timer for 10 seconds. Swirl the solution gently for those 10 seconds, then add 10 mL of 1.0 M H₂SO₄. Mix well.
Using a syringe, remove a 5 mL sample of this solution to add to the second beaker (which should be on the white paper).
Fill the second syringe with KMnO₄ and record the initial volume within.
Using the syringe, at one drop of KMnO₄ at a time to the 5 mL sample while constantly (very gently) agitating the solution.
Once enough drops have been added so that a persistent brown/pink color remains, stop adding KMnO₄ and record the new volume of the syringe. Subtracting the initial volume of the syringe from the final volume will determine the amount of H₂O₂ present. Subtracting the amount of peroxide present from the baseline will determine how much was used during the trial.
Repeat this process with differing times of stirring the enzyme before adding sulfuric acid: 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds, and 180 seconds. Record the initial and final volumes of the syringe contents each time in the appropriate table.
Additionally:
If more KMnO₄ is added after already achieving a persistent color, simply remove another 5 mL sample and repeat the titration process.
Put all liquids in designated waste containers. Do not dump anything in the sink and don 't dispose of anything until the entire experiment is completed.
Handle all hazardous materials with care and always
Enzyme catalysis is dependant upon factors such as concentration of enzyme and substrate, temperature and pH. These factors determine the rate of reaction, and an increase in temperature or pH above the optimum will
Hypothesis: I believe the rate of reaction will speed up as the temperature increases until it reaches about 37oC, which is the body temperature, where it will begin to slow down and stop reacting. I believe this will occur because enzymes have a temperature range at which they work best in and once the temperature goes out of this range the enzyme will stop working.
After added, pick up the beaker and swirl it around lightly for a short period of time.
3) Adding less enzyme caused the reaction to proceed more slowly than when more enzyme was utilized.
Discard the solution in the appropriate container as directed to you by your lab instructor.
8. Repeat step 7 with H2SO4, except that you should use a 10 mL graduated cylinder of H2SO4 and adding 15 mL water.
Measure 500ml of tap water in the 500cm3 beaker, then measure 5g of sodium hydrogen carbonate using the 50cm3 beaker and weight scale and place in the beaker of water, using the glass rod to dissolve it into the mixture.
The null hypothesis for the first experiment was that substrate concentration would have no effect on the reaction rate. It was hypothesized that the reaction rate would increase with rising substrate concentrations, until all active sites were bound. The null hypothesis for the second experiment was that temperature would not have an effect on reaction rates. It was hypothesized that until the enzyme is denatured, as temperature increased, so would the reaction rate.
If you see a deep blue color add more zinc powder until there is no change in color of the solution in the test tube.
1) Pour 25 mL of the 1 M hydrochloric acid into the beaker and rinse the solid by swirling the acid around in the bottom of the beaker.
1.) Transfer the distillate to separatory funnel. Fluid didn’t seem very clear but sufficient to finish our lab on time.
Grab the 50 ml graduated cylinder and fill it to the 50 mark line with the Diluted 3% hydrogen peroxide. Pour it into the other beaker.
Measure out 20mL of each concentration of hydrochloric acid into beakers, and label each beaker. Fill the 6th with 20mL of distilled water, as this will be your control. 2. Place a chalk piece in the beaker with water and time for 5 minutes. 3.
In this lab the effect of the enzyme concentration has on the speed of the reaction will be observed. The amount of oxygen gas produced will be measured to determine the reaction rate. If the enzyme concentration increases then the reaction rate will also increase. The measure of how fats oxygen is produced will be how long it takes for the filter paper disk soaked in different concentrations of catalase to rise to the top. If catalase is exposed to boiling temperature then it will denature.
3. Use a sterile pipette to transfer 0.1 ml of each dilution on to a MacConkey agar plate.