Enzyme Lab Report

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which means it decreases activation energy in reactions. The lower activation energy in a reaction, the faster the reaction rate. Many enzymes alter their shape when they bind to the activation site. This is called induced fit, meaning for the enzyme to work to its full potential it has to change shape to binding substrate. The location of enzyme’s activation site is on the surface of the enzyme, where the binding of substrates take place. Enzyme activity can be influenced by a variety of environmental factors. If the concentration of enzyme is low, and there is a great deal of substrate, then increasing enzyme concentration results in more molecules available to convert substrates to products. Thus, increasing enzyme concentration can increase reaction rate. If substrate concentrations are low, and many of the existing enzymes are idle because of a lack of substrate, then adding enzyme will have no effect on reaction rate. Enzyme concentration affects the enzyme activity, because the more enzyme concentration the faster the reaction rate, until it hits it’s limiting factor. When substrate concentration is increased, it also increases rate of reaction. Temperature plays an important

The practical was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on the reaction of the enzyme acid phosphatase.

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

If the substrate concentration is increased then the rate of a catalase reaction will also increase until it reaches the optimal concentration or saturation point and will remain constant. This is because there will be more substrate molecules in a higher concentration therefore a higher frequency of collisions. This increases enzyme activity and more product will be formed. However at a certain concentration the enzymes will become saturated (all

3) Adding less enzyme caused the reaction to proceed more slowly than when more enzyme was utilized.

As the substrate in increased the initial reaction rate will increase until it is fully submerged and then will not increase any more. The relationship is linear. As the substrate concentration increases, the initial reaction rate increases.

Enzymes are defined as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions but remain the same themselves. The shape of an enzyme enables it to receive one type of molecule and that specific molecule will fit into the enzyme’s shape. Where a substance fits into an enzyme is called the active site and the substance that fits into the active site is called a substrate. Several factors affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions. Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators can all affect enzymes. Temperature can affect enzymes because if the temperature gets too high, it can cause the enzyme to denature. pH can affect an enzyme by changing the shape of the enzyme or the charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. Every enzyme has an ideal pH that it will strive in. Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction because more substrate molecules will be interacting and colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed. Inhibitors can affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions by either slowing down or stopping catalysis. The three types of inhibitors include competitive, non-competitive, and substrate inhibition.

Changes in pH also alter an enzyme’s shape. Different enzymes work best at different pH values. The optimum pH for an enzyme depends on where it normally works. For example, intestinal enzymes have an optimum pH of about 7.5 whereas enzymes in the stomach have an optimum pH of about 2.

What does the changes in the amount of substrate on an enzyme’s reaction effect on?

As the enzyme concentration increased so too did the activity rate. The relatively level areas show where there was substrate depletion.

Changing these change the rate of reaction of the enzyme. For example, enzymes are temperature specific, they work the best in low temperatures and are destroyed or denatured in high temperature. Changing the concentration of a substance only affects the rate of reaction if it is the limiting factor. Therefore, increasing concentration will increase the rate of reaction up to a certain point, where any increase of any solution will not affect the rate reaction. As a reaction goes on, the rate of reaction will decrease or stay the same since

However, the rate of reaction only increases for a certain period of time until there is lesser substrate molecules than the enzyme molecules. The increase of enzyme concentration does not have effect if there are lesser substrate molecules than enzyme molecules initially.

As an enzyme-catalyzed reaction may be the main reason for a reaction to occur faster, many factors can

reaction rate increases. If the temperature of an enzyme gets to high the reaction rate will slow

The hypothesis is as the substrate concentration has an increase so will the reaction of velocity if the amount of enzyme is kept constant.